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Both Intel and AMD CPUs support 5-level paging, which is expected to
become more widely adopted in the future. All major x86 Linux
distributions have the feature enabled.
Remove CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL and related #ifdeffery for it to make it more readable.
Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250516123306.3812286-4-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
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While the GCC and Clang compilers already define __ASSEMBLER__
automatically when compiling assembly code, __ASSEMBLY__ is a
macro that only gets defined by the Makefiles in the kernel.
This can be very confusing when switching between userspace
and kernelspace coding, or when dealing with UAPI headers that
rather should use __ASSEMBLER__ instead. So let's standardize on
the __ASSEMBLER__ macro that is provided by the compilers now.
This is mostly a mechanical patch (done with a simple "sed -i"
statement), with some manual tweaks in <asm/frame.h>, <asm/hw_irq.h>
and <asm/setup.h> that mentioned this macro in comments with some
missing underscores.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250314071013.1575167-38-thuth@redhat.com
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Separate the input from the clobbers in preparation for appending the
input.
Do this in preparation of changing the ASM_CALL_CONSTRAINT primitive.
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
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With the introduction of kCFI the addition of ENDBR to
SYM_FUNC_START* no longer suffices to make the function indirectly
callable. This now requires the use of SYM_TYPED_FUNC_START.
As such, remove the implicit ENDBR from SYM_FUNC_START* and add some
explicit annotations to fix things up again.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250207122546.409116003@infradead.org
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For clarity. It's increasingly hard to reason about the code, when KASLR
is moving around the boundaries. In this case where KASLR is randomizing
the location of the kernel image within physical memory, the maximum
number of address bits for physical memory has not changed.
What has changed is the ending address of memory that is allowed to be
directly mapped by the kernel.
Let's name the variable, and the associated macro accordingly.
Also, enhance the comment above the direct_map_physmem_end definition,
to further clarify how this all works.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241009025024.89813-1-jhubbard@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@amd.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Cc: Jordan Niethe <jniethe@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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iounmap() on x86 occasionally fails to unmap because the provided valid
ioremap address is not below high_memory. It turned out that this
happens due to KASLR.
KASLR uses the full address space between PAGE_OFFSET and vaddr_end to
randomize the starting points of the direct map, vmalloc and vmemmap
regions. It thereby limits the size of the direct map by using the
installed memory size plus an extra configurable margin for hot-plug
memory. This limitation is done to gain more randomization space
because otherwise only the holes between the direct map, vmalloc,
vmemmap and vaddr_end would be usable for randomizing.
The limited direct map size is not exposed to the rest of the kernel, so
the memory hot-plug and resource management related code paths still
operate under the assumption that the available address space can be
determined with MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS.
request_free_mem_region() allocates from (1 << MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS) - 1
downwards. That means the first allocation happens past the end of the
direct map and if unlucky this address is in the vmalloc space, which
causes high_memory to become greater than VMALLOC_START and consequently
causes iounmap() to fail for valid ioremap addresses.
MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS cannot be changed for that because the randomization
does not align with address bit boundaries and there are other places
which actually require to know the maximum number of address bits. All
remaining usage sites of MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS have been analyzed and found
to be correct.
Cure this by exposing the end of the direct map via PHYSMEM_END and use
that for the memory hot-plug and resource management related places
instead of relying on MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS. In the KASLR case PHYSMEM_END
maps to a variable which is initialized by the KASLR initialization and
otherwise it is based on MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS as before.
To prevent future hickups add a check into add_pages() to catch callers
trying to add memory above PHYSMEM_END.
Fixes: 0483e1fa6e09 ("x86/mm: Implement ASLR for kernel memory regions")
Reported-by: Max Ramanouski <max8rr8@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tested-By: Max Ramanouski <max8rr8@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/87ed6soy3z.ffs@tglx
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objtool complains:
arch/x86/kvm/kvm.o: warning: objtool: .altinstr_replacement+0xc5: call without frame pointer save/setup
vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: .altinstr_replacement+0x2eb: call without frame pointer save/setup
Make sure %rSP is an output operand to the respective asm() statements.
The test_cc() hunk and ALT_OUTPUT_SP() courtesy of peterz. Also from him
add some helpful debugging info to the documentation.
Now on to the explanations:
tl;dr: The alternatives macros are pretty fragile.
If I do ALT_OUTPUT_SP(output) in order to be able to package in a %rsp
reference for objtool so that a stack frame gets properly generated, the
inline asm input operand with positional argument 0 in clear_page():
"0" (page)
gets "renumbered" due to the added
: "+r" (current_stack_pointer), "=D" (page)
and then gcc says:
./arch/x86/include/asm/page_64.h:53:9: error: inconsistent operand constraints in an ‘asm’
The fix is to use an explicit "D" constraint which points to a singleton
register class (gcc terminology) which ends up doing what is expected
here: the page pointer - input and output - should be in the same %rdi
register.
Other register classes have more than one register in them - example:
"r" and "=r" or "A":
‘A’
The ‘a’ and ‘d’ registers. This class is used for
instructions that return double word results in the ‘ax:dx’
register pair. Single word values will be allocated either in
‘ax’ or ‘dx’.
so using "D" and "=D" just works in this particular case.
And yes, one would say, sure, why don't you do "+D" but then:
: "+r" (current_stack_pointer), "+D" (page)
: [old] "i" (clear_page_orig), [new1] "i" (clear_page_rep), [new2] "i" (clear_page_erms),
: "cc", "memory", "rax", "rcx")
now find the Waldo^Wcomma which throws a wrench into all this.
Because that silly macro has an "input..." consume-all last macro arg
and in it, one is supposed to supply input *and* clobbers, leading to
silly syntax snafus.
Yap, they need to be cleaned up, one fine day...
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202406141648.jO9qNGLa-lkp@intel.com/
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Acked-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240625112056.GDZnqoGDXgYuWBDUwu@fat_crate.local
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Every architecture that supports FLATMEM memory model defines its own
version of pfn_valid() that essentially compares a pfn to max_mapnr.
Use mips/powerpc version implemented as static inline as a generic
implementation of pfn_valid() and drop its per-architecture definitions.
[rppt@kernel.org: fix the generic pfn_valid()]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/Y9lg7R1Yd931C+y5@kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230129124235.209895-5-rppt@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> [csky]
Acked-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn> [LoongArch]
Acked-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> [OpenRISC]
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> [powerpc]
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>
Cc: Brian Cain <bcain@quicinc.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org>
Cc: WANG Xuerui <kernel@xen0n.name>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Insert KMSAN hooks that make the necessary bookkeeping changes:
- poison page shadow and origins in alloc_pages()/free_page();
- clear page shadow and origins in clear_page(), copy_user_highpage();
- copy page metadata in copy_highpage(), wp_page_copy();
- handle vmap()/vunmap()/iounmap();
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220915150417.722975-15-glider@google.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Fix:
vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: __sev_es_nmi_complete()+0x8b: call to __phys_addr_nodebug() leaves .noinstr.text section
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220324183607.31717-4-bp@alien8.de
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In the following commit:
025768a966a3 x86/cpu: Use alternative to generate the TASK_SIZE_MAX constant
... we added the new task_size_max() inline, which uses X86_FEATURE_LA57,
but doesn't include <asm/cpufeatures.h> which defines the constant.
Due to the way alternatives macros work currently this doesn't get reported as an
immediate build error, only as a link error, if a .c file happens to include
<asm/page.h> first:
> ld: kernel/fork.o:(.altinstructions+0x98): undefined reference to `X86_FEATURE_LA57'
In the current upstream kernel no .c file includes <asm/page.h> before including
some other header that includes <asm/cpufeatures.h>, which is why this dependency
bug went unnoticed.
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Fix:
vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: handle_bug()+0x10: call to task_size_max() leaves .noinstr.text section
When #UD isn't a BUG, we shouldn't violate noinstr (we'll still
probably die, but that's another story).
Fixes: 025768a966a3 ("x86/cpu: Use alternative to generate the TASK_SIZE_MAX constant")
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210621120120.682468274@infradead.org
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We used to generate this constant with static jumps, which certainly
works, but generates some quite unreadable and horrid code, and extra
jumps.
It's actually much simpler to just use our alternative_asm()
infrastructure to generate a simple alternative constant, making the
generated code much more obvious (and straight-line rather than "jump
around to load the right constant").
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 mm updates from Ingo Molnar:
- Extend the memmap= boot parameter syntax to allow the redeclaration
and dropping of existing ranges, and to support all e820 range types
(Jan H. Schönherr)
- Improve the W+X boot time security checks to remove false positive
warnings on Xen (Jan Beulich)
- Support booting as Xen PVH guest (Juergen Gross)
- Improved 5-level paging (LA57) support, in particular it's possible
now to have a single kernel image for both 4-level and 5-level
hardware (Kirill A. Shutemov)
- AMD hardware RAM encryption support (SME/SEV) fixes (Tom Lendacky)
- Preparatory commits for hardware-encrypted RAM support on Intel CPUs.
(Kirill A. Shutemov)
- Improved Intel-MID support (Andy Shevchenko)
- Show EFI page tables in page_tables debug files (Andy Lutomirski)
- ... plus misc fixes and smaller cleanups
* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (56 commits)
x86/cpu/tme: Fix spelling: "configuation" -> "configuration"
x86/boot: Fix SEV boot failure from change to __PHYSICAL_MASK_SHIFT
x86/mm: Update comment in detect_tme() regarding x86_phys_bits
x86/mm/32: Remove unused node_memmap_size_bytes() & CONFIG_NEED_NODE_MEMMAP_SIZE logic
x86/mm: Remove pointless checks in vmalloc_fault
x86/platform/intel-mid: Add special handling for ACPI HW reduced platforms
ACPI, x86/boot: Introduce the ->reduced_hw_early_init() ACPI callback
ACPI, x86/boot: Split out acpi_generic_reduce_hw_init() and export
x86/pconfig: Provide defines and helper to run MKTME_KEY_PROG leaf
x86/pconfig: Detect PCONFIG targets
x86/tme: Detect if TME and MKTME is activated by BIOS
x86/boot/compressed/64: Handle 5-level paging boot if kernel is above 4G
x86/boot/compressed/64: Use page table in trampoline memory
x86/boot/compressed/64: Use stack from trampoline memory
x86/boot/compressed/64: Make sure we have a 32-bit code segment
x86/mm: Do not use paravirtualized calls in native_set_p4d()
kdump, vmcoreinfo: Export pgtable_l5_enabled value
x86/boot/compressed/64: Prepare new top-level page table for trampoline
x86/boot/compressed/64: Set up trampoline memory
x86/boot/compressed/64: Save and restore trampoline memory
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 asm fixlets from Ingo Molnar:
"A clobber list fix and cleanups"
* 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/asm: Trim clear_page.S includes
x86/asm: Clobber flags in clear_page()
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Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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We need to be able to adjust virtual memory layout at runtime to be able
to switch between 4- and 5-level paging at boot-time.
KASLR already has movable __VMALLOC_BASE, __VMEMMAP_BASE and __PAGE_OFFSET.
Let's re-use it.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180214111656.88514-4-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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All clear_page() implementations use XOR which resets flags.
Judging by allyesconfig disassembly no code is affected.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180113185048.GA23111@avx2
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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In the following commit:
ce0fa3e56ad2 ("x86/mm, mm/hwpoison: Clear PRESENT bit for kernel 1:1 mappings of poison pages")
... we added code to memory_failure() to unmap the page from the
kernel 1:1 virtual address space to avoid speculative access to the
page logging additional errors.
But memory_failure() may not always succeed in taking the page offline,
especially if the page belongs to the kernel. This can happen if
there are too many corrected errors on a page and either mcelog(8)
or drivers/ras/cec.c asks to take a page offline.
Since we remove the 1:1 mapping early in memory_failure(), we can
end up with the page unmapped, but still in use. On the next access
the kernel crashes :-(
There are also various debug paths that call memory_failure() to simulate
occurrence of an error. Since there is no actual error in memory, we
don't need to map out the page for those cases.
Revert most of the previous attempt and keep the solution local to
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce.c. Unmap the page only when:
1) there is a real error
2) memory_failure() succeeds.
All of this only applies to 64-bit systems. 32-bit kernel doesn't map
all of memory into kernel space. It isn't worth adding the code to unmap
the piece that is mapped because nobody would run a 32-bit kernel on a
machine that has recoverable machine checks.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Robert (Persistent Memory) <elliott@hpe.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org #v4.14
Fixes: ce0fa3e56ad2 ("x86/mm, mm/hwpoison: Clear PRESENT bit for kernel 1:1 mappings of poison pages")
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Speculative processor accesses may reference any memory that has a
valid page table entry. While a speculative access won't generate
a machine check, it will log the error in a machine check bank. That
could cause escalation of a subsequent error since the overflow bit
will be then set in the machine check bank status register.
Code has to be double-plus-tricky to avoid mentioning the 1:1 virtual
address of the page we want to map out otherwise we may trigger the
very problem we are trying to avoid. We use a non-canonical address
that passes through the usual Linux table walking code to get to the
same "pte".
Thanks to Dave Hansen for reviewing several iterations of this.
Also see:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=149860136413338&w=2
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Elliott, Robert (Persistent Memory) <elliott@hpe.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170816171803.28342-1-tony.luck@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
Currently, we CALL clear_page() which then JMPs to the proper function
chosen by the alternatives.
What we should do instead is CALL the proper function directly. (This
was something Ingo suggested a while ago). So let's do that.
Measuring our favourite kernel build workload shows that there are no
significant changes in performance.
AMD
===
-- /tmp/before 2017-02-09 18:01:46.451961188 +0100
++ /tmp/after 2017-02-09 18:01:54.883961175 +0100
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
Performance counter stats for 'system wide' (5 runs):
- 1028960.373643 cpu-clock (msec) # 6.000 CPUs utilized ( +- 1.41% )
+ 1023086.018961 cpu-clock (msec) # 6.000 CPUs utilized ( +- 1.20% )
- 518,744 context-switches # 0.504 K/sec ( +- 1.04% )
+ 518,254 context-switches # 0.507 K/sec ( +- 1.01% )
- 38,112 cpu-migrations # 0.037 K/sec ( +- 1.95% )
+ 37,917 cpu-migrations # 0.037 K/sec ( +- 1.02% )
- 20,874,266 page-faults # 0.020 M/sec ( +- 0.07% )
+ 20,918,897 page-faults # 0.020 M/sec ( +- 0.18% )
- 2,043,646,230,667 cycles # 1.986 GHz ( +- 0.14% ) (66.67%)
+ 2,045,305,584,032 cycles # 1.999 GHz ( +- 0.16% ) (66.67%)
- 553,698,855,431 stalled-cycles-frontend # 27.09% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.07% ) (66.67%)
+ 555,099,401,413 stalled-cycles-frontend # 27.14% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.13% ) (66.67%)
- 621,544,286,390 stalled-cycles-backend # 30.41% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.39% ) (66.67%)
+ 621,371,430,254 stalled-cycles-backend # 30.38% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.32% ) (66.67%)
- 1,738,364,431,659 instructions # 0.85 insn per cycle
+ 1,739,895,771,901 instructions # 0.85 insn per cycle
- # 0.36 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.11% ) (66.67%)
+ # 0.36 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.13% ) (66.67%)
- 391,170,943,850 branches # 380.161 M/sec ( +- 0.13% ) (66.67%)
+ 391,398,551,757 branches # 382.567 M/sec ( +- 0.13% ) (66.67%)
- 22,567,810,411 branch-misses # 5.77% of all branches ( +- 0.11% ) (66.67%)
+ 22,574,726,683 branch-misses # 5.77% of all branches ( +- 0.13% ) (66.67%)
- 171.480741921 seconds time elapsed ( +- 1.41% )
+ 170.509229451 seconds time elapsed ( +- 1.20% )
Intel
=====
-- /tmp/before 2017-02-09 20:36:19.851947473 +0100
++ /tmp/after 2017-02-09 20:36:30.151947458 +0100
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
Performance counter stats for 'system wide' (5 runs):
- 2207248.598126 cpu-clock (msec) # 8.000 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.69% )
+ 2213300.106631 cpu-clock (msec) # 8.000 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.73% )
- 899,342 context-switches # 0.407 K/sec ( +- 0.68% )
+ 898,381 context-switches # 0.406 K/sec ( +- 0.79% )
- 80,553 cpu-migrations # 0.036 K/sec ( +- 1.13% )
+ 80,979 cpu-migrations # 0.037 K/sec ( +- 1.11% )
- 36,171,148 page-faults # 0.016 M/sec ( +- 0.02% )
+ 36,179,791 page-faults # 0.016 M/sec ( +- 0.02% )
- 6,665,288,826,484 cycles # 3.020 GHz ( +- 0.07% ) (83.33%)
+ 6,671,638,410,799 cycles # 3.014 GHz ( +- 0.06% ) (83.33%)
- 5,065,975,115,197 stalled-cycles-frontend # 76.01% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.11% ) (83.33%)
+ 5,076,835,183,223 stalled-cycles-frontend # 76.10% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.11% ) (83.33%)
- 3,841,556,350,614 stalled-cycles-backend # 57.64% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.13% ) (66.67%)
+ 3,852,823,974,333 stalled-cycles-backend # 57.75% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.12% ) (66.67%)
- 4,148,398,171,079 instructions # 0.62 insn per cycle
+ 4,148,997,156,059 instructions # 0.62 insn per cycle
- # 1.22 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.10% ) (83.33%)
+ # 1.22 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.11% ) (83.33%)
- 887,187,118,591 branches # 401.943 M/sec ( +- 0.09% ) (83.33%)
+ 887,271,341,121 branches # 400.882 M/sec ( +- 0.11% ) (83.33%)
- 30,139,439,034 branch-misses # 3.40% of all branches ( +- 0.09% ) (83.33%)
+ 30,134,864,997 branch-misses # 3.40% of all branches ( +- 0.06% ) (83.33%)
- 275.904405540 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.69% )
+ 276.660352016 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.73% )
allmodconfig vmlinux size grows by a ~1Kb but that's fine - we optimize
our calling of the clear_page variants.
text data bss dec hex filename
9051979 23067670 27009024 59128673 3863b61 vmlinux
9053000 23067670 27009024 59129694 3863f5e vmlinux.clear_page
Reported-by: kernel test robot <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Tested-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170215111927.emdgxf2pide3kwro@pd.tnic
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
|
|
This adds CONFIG_X86_VSYSCALL_EMULATION, guarded by CONFIG_EXPERT.
Turning it off completely disables vsyscall emulation, saving ~3.5k
for vsyscall_64.c, 4k for vsyscall_emu_64.S (the fake vsyscall
page), some tiny amount of core mm code that supports a gate area,
and possibly 4k for a wasted pagetable. The latter is because the
vsyscall addresses are misaligned and fit poorly in the fixmap.
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/406db88b8dd5f0cbbf38216d11be34bbb43c7eae.1414618407.git.luto@amacapital.net
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
|
|
The core mm code will provide a default gate area based on
FIXADDR_USER_START and FIXADDR_USER_END if
!defined(__HAVE_ARCH_GATE_AREA) && defined(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR).
This default is only useful for ia64. arm64, ppc, s390, sh, tile, 64-bit
UML, and x86_32 have their own code just to disable it. arm, 32-bit UML,
and x86_64 have gate areas, but they have their own implementations.
This gets rid of the default and moves the code into ia64.
This should save some code on architectures without a gate area: it's now
possible to inline the gate_area functions in the default case.
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Acked-by: Nathan Lynch <nathan_lynch@mentor.com>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> [in principle]
Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> [for um]
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> [for arm64]
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Nathan Lynch <Nathan_Lynch@mentor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
I submitted an earlier patch that make __phys_addr an inline. This obviously
results in an increase in the code size. One step I can take to reduce that
is to make it so that the __pa_symbol call does a direct translation for
kernel addresses instead of covering all of virtual memory.
On my system this reduced the size for __pa_symbol from 5 instructions
totalling 30 bytes to 3 instructions totalling 16 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20121116215356.8521.92472.stgit@ahduyck-cp1.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
|
|
This patch is meant to improve overall system performance when making use of
the __phys_addr call. To do this I have implemented several changes.
First if CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL is not defined __phys_addr is made an inline,
similar to how this is currently handled in 32 bit. However in order to do
this it is required to export phys_base so that it is available if __phys_addr
is used in kernel modules.
The second change was to streamline the code by making use of the carry flag
on an add operation instead of performing a compare on a 64 bit value. The
advantage to this is that it allows us to significantly reduce the overall
size of the call. On my Xeon E5 system the entire __phys_addr inline call
consumes a little less than 32 bytes and 5 instructions. I also applied
similar logic to the debug version of the function. My testing shows that the
debug version of the function with this patch applied is slightly faster than
the non-debug version without the patch.
Finally I also applied the same logic changes to __virt_addr_valid since it
used the same general code flow as __phys_addr and could achieve similar gains
though these changes.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20121116215315.8521.46270.stgit@ahduyck-cp1.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
|
|
This patch is meant to clean-up the fact that we have several functions in
page_64_types.h which really don't belong there. I found this issue when I
had tried to replace __phys_addr with an inline function. It resulted in the
realmode bits generating compile warnings about types. In order to resolve
that I am relocating the address translation to page_64.h since this is in
keeping with where these functions are located in 32 bit.
In addtion I have relocated several functions defined in init_64.c to
pgtable_64.h as this seems to be where most of the functions related to
memory initialization were already located.
[ hpa: added missing #include <asm/pgtable.h> to apic_numachip.c,
as reported by Yinghai Lu. ]
Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20121116215244.8521.31505.stgit@ahduyck-cp1.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale-asia.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
|
|
Move the irqstackptr variable from the PDA to per-cpu. Make the
stacks themselves per-cpu, removing some specific allocation code.
Add a seperate flag (is_boot_cpu) to simplify the per-cpu boot
adjustments.
tj: * sprinkle some underbars around.
* irq_stack_ptr is not used till traps_init(), no reason to
initialize it early. On SMP, just leaving it NULL till proper
initialization in setup_per_cpu_areas() works. Dropped
is_boot_cpu and early irq_stack_ptr initialization.
* do DECLARE/DEFINE_PER_CPU(char[IRQ_STACK_SIZE], irq_stack)
instead of (char, irq_stack[IRQ_STACK_SIZE]).
Signed-off-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
|
|
Change header guards named "ASM_X86__*" to "_ASM_X86_*" since:
a. the double underscore is ugly and pointless.
b. no leading underscore violates namespace constraints.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
|
|
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
|
