summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/tools
AgeCommit message (Collapse)Author
2024-02-22tools subcmd: Add a no exec function call optionIan Rogers
Tools like perf fork tests in case they crash, but they don't want to exec a full binary. Add an option to call a function rather than do an exec. The child process exits with the result of the function call and is passed the struct of the run_command, things like container_of can then allow the child process function to determine additional arguments. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com> Cc: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com> Cc: Bill Wendling <morbo@google.com> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Yang Jihong <yangjihong1@huawei.com> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Cc: Athira Jajeev <atrajeev@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221034155.1500118-5-irogers@google.com
2024-02-22perf tests: Avoid fork in perf_has_symbol testIan Rogers
perf test -vv Symbols is used to indentify symbols within the perf binary. Add the -F flag so that the test command doesn't fork the test before running. This removes a little overhead. Acked-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com> Cc: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com> Cc: Bill Wendling <morbo@google.com> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Yang Jihong <yangjihong1@huawei.com> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Cc: Athira Jajeev <atrajeev@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221034155.1500118-4-irogers@google.com
2024-02-22perf list: Add scandirat compatibility functionIan Rogers
scandirat is used during the printing of tracepoint events but may be missing from certain libcs. Add a compatibility implementation that uses the symlink of an fd in /proc as a path for the reliably present scandir. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com> Cc: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com> Cc: Bill Wendling <morbo@google.com> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Yang Jihong <yangjihong1@huawei.com> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Cc: Athira Jajeev <atrajeev@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221034155.1500118-3-irogers@google.com
2024-02-22perf thread_map: Skip exited threads when scanning /procIan Rogers
Scanning /proc is inherently racy. Scanning /proc/pid/task within that is also racy as the pid can terminate. Rather than failing in __thread_map__new_all_cpus, skip pids for such failures. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com> Cc: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com> Cc: Bill Wendling <morbo@google.com> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Yang Jihong <yangjihong1@huawei.com> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Cc: Athira Jajeev <atrajeev@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221034155.1500118-2-irogers@google.com
2024-02-22perf list: fix short description for some cache eventsThomas Richter
Correct the short description of the following events: DCW_REQ, DCW_REQ_CHIP_HIT, DCW_REQ_DRAWER_HIT, DCW_REQ_IV, DCW_ON_CHIP, DCW_ON_CHIP_IV, DCW_ON_CHIP_CHIP_HIT, DCW_ON_CHIP_DRAWER_HIT, CW_ON_MODULE, DCW_ON_DRAWER, DCW_OFF_DRAWER, IDCW_ON_MODULE_IV, IDCW_ON_MODULE_CHIP_HIT, IDCW_ON_MODULE_DRAWER_HIT, IDCW_ON_DRAWER_IV, IDCW_ON_DRAWER_CHIP_HIT, IDCW_ON_DRAWER_DRAWER_HIT, IDCW_OFF_DRAWER_IV, IDCW_OFF_DRAWER_CHIP_HIT, IDCW_OFF_DRAWER_DRAWER_HIT, ICW_REQ, ICW_REQ_IV, CW_REQ_CHIP_HIT, ICW_REQ_DRAWER_HIT, ICW_ON_CHIP, ICW_ON_CHIP_IV, ICW_ON_CHIP_CHIP_HIT, ICW_ON_CHIP_DRAWER_HIT, ICW_ON_MODULE and ICW_OFF_DRAWER. The second Cache should be L2-Cache. Output before (display diff of the first four events) # perf list -d DCW_REQ [Directory Write Level 1 Data Cache from Cache. Unit: cpum_cf] DCW_REQ_CHIP_HIT [Directory Write Level 1 Data Cache from Cache with Chip HP \ Hit. Unit: cpum_cf] DCW_REQ_DRAWER_HIT [Directory Write Level 1 Data Cache from Cache with Drawer \ HP Hit. Unit: cpum_cf] DCW_REQ_IV [Directory Write Level 1 Data Cache from Cache with Intervention. \ Unit: cpum_cf] Output after: # perf list -d DCW_REQ [Directory Write Level 1 Data Cache from L2-Cache. Unit: cpum_cf] DCW_REQ_CHIP_HIT [Directory Write Level 1 Data Cache from L2-Cache with Chip HP \ Hit. Unit: cpum_cf] DCW_REQ_DRAWER_HIT [Directory Write Level 1 Data Cache from L2-Cache with Drawer \ HP Hit. Unit: cpum_cf] DCW_REQ_IV [Directory Write Level 1 Data Cache from L2-Cache with \ Intervention. Unit: cpum_cf] Fixes: 7f76b3113068 ("perf list: Add IBM z16 event description for s390") Reported-by: Andreas Krebbel <krebbel@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Andreas Krebbel <krebbel@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: gor@linux.ibm.com Cc: hca@linux.ibm.com Cc: sumanthk@linux.ibm.com Cc: svens@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221091908.1759083-1-tmricht@linux.ibm.com
2024-02-22perf stat: Fix metric-only aggregation indexIan Rogers
Aggregation index was being computed using the evsel's cpumap which may have a different (typically the same or fewer) entries. Before: ``` $ perf stat --metric-only -A -M memory_bandwidth_total -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': MB/s memory_bandwidth_total MB/s memory_bandwidth_total MB/s memory_bandwidth_total MB/s memory_bandwidth_total MB/s memory_bandwidth_total MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU0 12.8 0.0 12.9 12.7 0.0 12.6 CPU1 1.007806367 seconds time elapsed ``` After: ``` $ perf stat --metric-only -A -M memory_bandwidth_total -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': MB/s memory_bandwidth_total MB/s memory_bandwidth_total MB/s memory_bandwidth_total MB/s memory_bandwidth_total MB/s memory_bandwidth_total MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU0 15.4 0.0 15.3 15.0 0.0 14.9 CPU18 0.0 0.0 13.5 5.2 0.0 11.9 1.007858736 seconds time elapsed ``` Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> | Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@amd.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Kaige Ye <ye@kaige.org> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Cc: John Garry <john.g.garry@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221070754.4163916-3-irogers@google.com
2024-02-22perf metrics: Compute unmerged uncore metrics individuallyIan Rogers
When merging counts from multiple uncore PMUs the metric is only computed for the metric leader. When merging/aggregation is disabled, prior to this patch just the leader's metric would be computed. Fix this by computing the metric for each PMU. On a SkylakeX: Before: ``` $ perf stat -A -M memory_bandwidth_total -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': CPU0 82,217 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_0] # 9.2 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_0] # 0.0 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU0 61,395 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_0] CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_0] CPU0 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_1] CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_1] CPU0 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_1] CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_1] CPU0 81,570 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_2] CPU18 113,886 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_2] CPU0 62,330 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_2] CPU18 66,942 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_2] CPU0 75,489 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_3] CPU18 27,958 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_3] CPU0 55,864 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_3] CPU18 38,727 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_3] CPU0 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_4] CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_4] CPU0 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_4] CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_4] CPU0 75,423 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_5] CPU18 104,527 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_5] CPU0 57,596 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_5] CPU18 56,777 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_5] CPU0 1,003,440,851 ns duration_time 1.003440851 seconds time elapsed ``` After: ``` $ perf stat -A -M memory_bandwidth_total -a sleep 1 Performance counter stats for 'system wide': CPU0 88,968 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_0] # 9.5 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_0] # 0.0 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU0 59,498 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_0] CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_0] CPU0 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_1] # 0.0 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_1] # 0.0 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU0 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_1] CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_1] CPU0 88,635 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_2] # 9.5 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU18 117,975 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_2] # 11.5 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU0 60,829 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_2] CPU18 62,105 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_2] CPU0 82,238 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_3] # 8.7 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU18 22,906 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_3] # 3.6 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU0 53,959 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_3] CPU18 32,990 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_3] CPU0 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_4] # 0.0 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_4] # 0.0 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU0 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_4] CPU18 0 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_4] CPU0 83,595 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_5] # 8.9 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU18 110,151 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.RD [uncore_imc_5] # 10.5 MB/s memory_bandwidth_total CPU0 56,540 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_5] CPU18 53,816 UNC_M_CAS_COUNT.WR [uncore_imc_5] CPU0 1,003,353,416 ns duration_time ``` Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> | Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@amd.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Kaige Ye <ye@kaige.org> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Cc: John Garry <john.g.garry@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221070754.4163916-2-irogers@google.com
2024-02-22perf stat: Pass fewer metric argumentsIan Rogers
Pass metric_expr and evsel rather than specific variables from the struct, thereby reducing the number of arguments. This will enable later fixes. To reduce the size of the diff, local variables are added to match the previous parameter names. This isn't done in the case of "name" as evsel->name is more intention revealing. A whitespace issue is also addressed. Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@amd.com> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com> Cc: Kaige Ye <ye@kaige.org> Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com> Cc: John Garry <john.g.garry@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221070754.4163916-1-irogers@google.com
2024-02-22selftests/bpf: update tcp_custom_syncookie to use scalar packet offsetEduard Zingerman
This commit updates tcp_custom_syncookie.c:tcp_parse_option() to use explicit packet offset (ctx->off) for packet access instead of ever moving pointer (ctx->ptr), this reduces verification complexity: - the tcp_parse_option() is passed as a callback to bpf_loop(); - suppose a checkpoint is created each time at function entry; - the ctx->ptr is tracked by verifier as PTR_TO_PACKET; - the ctx->ptr is incremented in tcp_parse_option(), thus umax_value field tracked for it is incremented as well; - on each next iteration of tcp_parse_option() checkpoint from a previous iteration can't be reused for state pruning, because PTR_TO_PACKET registers are considered equivalent only if old->umax_value >= cur->umax_value; - on the other hand, the ctx->off is a SCALAR, subject to widen_imprecise_scalars(); - it's exact bounds are eventually forgotten and it is tracked as unknown scalar at entry to tcp_parse_option(); - hence checkpoints created at the start of the function eventually converge. The change is similar to one applied in [0] to xdp_synproxy_kern.c. Comparing before and after with veristat yields following results: File Insns (A) Insns (B) Insns (DIFF) ------------------------------- --------- --------- ----------------- test_tcp_custom_syncookie.bpf.o 466657 12423 -454234 (-97.34%) [0] commit 977bc146d4eb ("selftests/bpf: track tcp payload offset as scalar in xdp_synproxy") Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240222150300.14909-2-eddyz87@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2024-02-22KVM: s390: selftests: memop: add a simple AR testEric Farman
There is a selftest that checks for an (expected) error when an invalid AR is specified, but not one that exercises the AR path. Add a simple test that mirrors the vanilla write/read test while providing an AR. An AR that contains zero will direct the CPU to use the primary address space normally used anyway. AR[1] is selected for this test because the host AR[1] is usually non-zero, and KVM needs to correctly swap those values. Reviewed-by: Nina Schoetterl-Glausch <nsg@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Farman <farman@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240220211211.3102609-3-farman@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
2024-02-22KVM: selftests: re-map Xen's vcpu_info using HVA rather than GPAPaul Durrant
If the relevant capability (KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_SHARED_INFO_HVA) is present then re-map vcpu_info using the HVA part way through the tests to make sure then there is no functional change. Signed-off-by: Paul Durrant <pdurrant@amazon.com> Reviewed-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240215152916.1158-16-paul@xen.org Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
2024-02-22KVM: selftests: map Xen's shared_info page using HVA rather than GFNPaul Durrant
Using the HVA of the shared_info page is more efficient, so if the capability (KVM_XEN_HVM_CONFIG_SHARED_INFO_HVA) is present use that method to do the mapping. NOTE: Have the juggle_shinfo_state() thread map and unmap using both GFN and HVA, to make sure the older mechanism is not broken. Signed-off-by: Paul Durrant <pdurrant@amazon.com> Reviewed-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240215152916.1158-15-paul@xen.org Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
2024-02-22selftests/iommu: fix the config fragmentMuhammad Usama Anjum
The config fragment doesn't follow the correct format to enable those config options which make the config options getting missed while merging with other configs. ➜ merge_config.sh -m .config tools/testing/selftests/iommu/config Using .config as base Merging tools/testing/selftests/iommu/config ➜ make olddefconfig .config:5295:warning: unexpected data: CONFIG_IOMMUFD .config:5296:warning: unexpected data: CONFIG_IOMMUFD_TEST While at it, add CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION as well which is needed for CONFIG_IOMMUFD_TEST. If CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION isn't present in base config (such as x86 defconfig), CONFIG_IOMMUFD_TEST doesn't get enabled. Fixes: 57f0988706fe ("iommufd: Add a selftest") Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240222074934.71380-1-usama.anjum@collabora.com Signed-off-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@collabora.com> Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
2024-02-22net: mctp: tests: Test that outgoing skbs have flow data populatedJeremy Kerr
When CONFIG_MCTP_FLOWS is enabled, outgoing skbs should have their SKB_EXT_MCTP extension set for drivers to consume. Add two tests for local-to-output routing that check for the flow extensions: one for the simple single-packet case, and one for fragmentation. We now make MCTP_TEST select MCTP_FLOWS, so we always get coverage of these flow tests. The tests are skippable if MCTP_FLOWS is (otherwise) disabled, but that would need manual config tweaking. Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@codeconstruct.com.au> Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
2024-02-22x86/insn: Directly assign x86_64 state in insn_init()Nikolay Borisov
No point in checking again as this was already done by the caller. Signed-off-by: Nikolay Borisov <nik.borisov@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240222111636.2214523-3-nik.borisov@suse.com
2024-02-22x86/insn: Remove superfluous checks from instruction decoding routinesNikolay Borisov
It's pointless checking if a particular part of an instruction is decoded before calling the routine responsible for decoding it as this check is duplicated in the routines itself. Streamline the code by removing the superfluous checks. No functional difference. Signed-off-by: Nikolay Borisov <nik.borisov@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240222111636.2214523-2-nik.borisov@suse.com
2024-02-22Merge tag 'for-netdev' of ↵Paolo Abeni
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf Daniel Borkmann says: ==================== pull-request: bpf 2024-02-22 The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net* tree. We've added 11 non-merge commits during the last 24 day(s) which contain a total of 15 files changed, 217 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-). The main changes are: 1) Fix a syzkaller-triggered oops when attempting to read the vsyscall page through bpf_probe_read_kernel and friends, from Hou Tao. 2) Fix a kernel panic due to uninitialized iter position pointer in bpf_iter_task, from Yafang Shao. 3) Fix a race between bpf_timer_cancel_and_free and bpf_timer_cancel, from Martin KaFai Lau. 4) Fix a xsk warning in skb_add_rx_frag() (under CONFIG_DEBUG_NET) due to incorrect truesize accounting, from Sebastian Andrzej Siewior. 5) Fix a NULL pointer dereference in sk_psock_verdict_data_ready, from Shigeru Yoshida. 6) Fix a resolve_btfids warning when bpf_cpumask symbol cannot be resolved, from Hari Bathini. bpf-for-netdev * tag 'for-netdev' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf: bpf, sockmap: Fix NULL pointer dereference in sk_psock_verdict_data_ready() selftests/bpf: Add negtive test cases for task iter bpf: Fix an issue due to uninitialized bpf_iter_task selftests/bpf: Test racing between bpf_timer_cancel_and_free and bpf_timer_cancel bpf: Fix racing between bpf_timer_cancel_and_free and bpf_timer_cancel selftest/bpf: Test the read of vsyscall page under x86-64 x86/mm: Disallow vsyscall page read for copy_from_kernel_nofault() x86/mm: Move is_vsyscall_vaddr() into asm/vsyscall.h bpf, scripts: Correct GPL license name xsk: Add truesize to skb_add_rx_frag(). bpf: Fix warning for bpf_cpumask in verifier ==================== Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221231826.1404-1-daniel@iogearbox.net Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
2024-02-22selftests: ioam: refactoring to align with the fixJustin Iurman
ioam6_parser uses a packet socket. After the fix to prevent writing to cloned skb's, the receiver does not see its IOAM data anymore, which makes input/forward ioam-selftests to fail. As a workaround, ioam6_parser now uses an IPv6 raw socket and leverages ancillary data to get hop-by-hop options. As a consequence, the hook is "after" the IOAM data insertion by the receiver and all tests are working again. Signed-off-by: Justin Iurman <justin.iurman@uliege.be> Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
2024-02-21tools: ynl: don't leak mcast_groups on init errorJakub Kicinski
Make sure to free the already-parsed mcast_groups if we don't get an ack from the kernel when reading family info. This is part of the ynl_sock_create() error path, so we won't get a call to ynl_sock_destroy() to free them later. Fixes: 86878f14d71a ("tools: ynl: user space helpers") Acked-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240220161112.2735195-3-kuba@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2024-02-21tools: ynl: make sure we always pass yarg to mnl_cb_runJakub Kicinski
There is one common error handler in ynl - ynl_cb_error(). It expects priv to be a pointer to struct ynl_parse_arg AKA yarg. To avoid potential crashes if we encounter a stray NLMSG_ERROR always pass yarg as priv (or a struct which has it as the first member). ynl_cb_null() has a similar problem directly - it expects yarg but priv passed by the caller is ys. Found by code inspection. Fixes: 86878f14d71a ("tools: ynl: user space helpers") Acked-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240220161112.2735195-2-kuba@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2024-02-21selftests/mm/ksm_functional: prevent unmapping undefined addressJP Kobryn
Replace some goto statements with return statements so that unmap() is not called on an undefined address. This change is made so that unmap() can only be reached after mmap() is called (and the address mentioned is defined). Returning MAP_FAILED seems acceptable since client code checks for this value. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240105202401.28851-1-inwardvessel@gmail.com Fixes: 42096aa24b82 ("selftest/mm: ksm_functional_tests: test in mmap_and_merge_range() if anything got merged") Signed-off-by: JP Kobryn <inwardvessel@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2024-02-21selftests: tls: add test for peeking past a record of a different typeSabrina Dubroca
If we queue 3 records: - record 1, type DATA - record 2, some other type - record 3, type DATA the current code can look past the 2nd record and merge the 2 data records. Signed-off-by: Sabrina Dubroca <sd@queasysnail.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/4623550f8617c239581030c13402d3262f2bd14f.1708007371.git.sd@queasysnail.net Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2024-02-21selftests: tls: add test for merging of same-type control messagesSabrina Dubroca
Two consecutive control messages of the same type should never be merged into one large received blob of data. Signed-off-by: Sabrina Dubroca <sd@queasysnail.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/018f1633d5471684c65def5fe390de3b15c3d683.1708007371.git.sd@queasysnail.net Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
2024-02-21selftests/bpf: Remove intermediate test files.Alexei Starovoitov
The test of linking process creates several intermediate files. Remove them once the build is over. This reduces the number of files in selftests/bpf/ directory from ~4400 to ~2600. Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20240220231102.49090-1-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
2024-02-21kselftest/arm64: Test that ptrace takes effect in the target processMark Brown
While we have test coverage for the ptrace interface in our selftests the current programs have a number of gaps. The testing is done per regset so does not cover interactions and at no point do any of the tests actually run the traced processes meaning that there is no validation that anything we read or write corresponds to register values the process actually sees. Let's add a new program which attempts to cover these gaps. Each test we do performs a single ptrace write. For each test we generate some random initial register data in memory and then fork() and trace a child. The child will load the generated data into the registers then trigger a breakpoint. The parent waits for the breakpoint then reads the entire child register state via ptrace, verifying that the values expected were actually loaded by the child. It then does the write being tested and resumes the child. Once resumed the child saves the register state it sees to memory and executes another breakpoint. The parent uses process_vm_readv() to get these values from the child and verifies that the values were as expected before cleaning up the child. We generate configurations with combinations of vector lengths and SVCR values and then try every ptrace write which will implement the transition we generated. In order to control execution time (especially in emulation) we only cover the minimum and maximum VL for each of SVE and SME, this will ensure we generate both increasing and decreasing changes in vector length. In order to provide a baseline test we also check the case where we resume the child without doing a ptrace write. In order to simplify the generation of the test count for kselftest we will report but skip a substantial number of tests that can't actually be expressed via a single ptrace write, several times more than we actually run. This is noisy and will add some overhead but is very much simpler so is probably worth the tradeoff. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240122-arm64-test-ptrace-regs-v1-1-0897f822d73e@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2024-02-21KVM: selftests: Test top-down slots event in x86's pmu_counters_testDapeng Mi
Although the fixed counter 3 and its exclusive pseudo slots event are not supported by KVM yet, the architectural slots event is supported by KVM and can be programmed on any GP counter. Thus add validation for this architectural slots event. Top-down slots event "counts the total number of available slots for an unhalted logical processor, and increments by machine-width of the narrowest pipeline as employed by the Top-down Microarchitecture Analysis method." As for the slot, it's an abstract concept which indicates how many uops (decoded from instructions) can be processed simultaneously (per cycle) on HW. In Top-down Microarchitecture Analysis (TMA) method, the processor is divided into two parts, frond-end and back-end. Assume there is a processor with classic 5-stage pipeline, fetch, decode, execute, memory access and register writeback. The former 2 stages (fetch/decode) are classified to frond-end and the latter 3 stages are classified to back-end. In modern Intel processors, a complicated instruction would be decoded into several uops (micro-operations) and so these uops can be processed simultaneously and then improve the performance. Thus, assume a processor can decode and dispatch 4 uops in front-end and execute 4 uops in back-end simultaneously (per-cycle), so the machine-width of this processor is 4 and this processor has 4 topdown slots per-cycle. If a slot is spare and can be used to process a new upcoming uop, then the slot is available, but if a uop occupies a slot for several cycles and can't be retired (maybe blocked by memory access), then this slot is stall and unavailable. Considering the testing instruction sequence can't be macro-fused on x86 platforms, the measured slots count should not be less than NUM_INSNS_RETIRED. Thus assert the slots count against NUM_INSNS_RETIRED. pmu_counters_test passed with this patch on Intel Sapphire Rapids. About the more information about TMA method, please refer the below link. https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/vtune-profiler/cookbook/2023-0/top-down-microarchitecture-analysis-method.html Signed-off-by: Dapeng Mi <dapeng1.mi@linux.intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240218043003.2424683-1-dapeng1.mi@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
2024-02-21Merge tag 'wireless-next-2024-02-20' of ↵David S. Miller
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wireless/wireless-next Kalle Valo says: ==================== wireless-next patches for v6.9 The second "new features" pull request for v6.9. Lots of iwlwifi and stack changes this time. And naturally smaller changes to other drivers. We also twice merged wireless into wireless-next to avoid conflicts between the trees. Major changes: stack * mac80211: negotiated TTLM request support * SPP A-MSDU support * mac80211: wider bandwidth OFDMA config support iwlwifi * kunit tests * bump FW API to 89 for AX/BZ/SC devices * enable SPP A-MSDUs * support for new devices ath12k * refactoring in preparation for Multi-Link Operation (MLO) support * 1024 Block Ack window size support * provide firmware wmi logs via a trace event ath11k * 36 bit DMA mask support * support 6 GHz station power modes: Low Power Indoor (LPI), Standard Power) SP and Very Low Power (VLP) rtl8xxxu * TP-Link TL-WN823N V2 support ==================== Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2024-02-21clocksource: Scale the watchdog read retries automaticallyFeng Tang
On a 8-socket server the TSC is wrongly marked as 'unstable' and disabled during boot time on about one out of 120 boot attempts: clocksource: timekeeping watchdog on CPU227: wd-tsc-wd excessive read-back delay of 153560ns vs. limit of 125000ns, wd-wd read-back delay only 11440ns, attempt 3, marking tsc unstable tsc: Marking TSC unstable due to clocksource watchdog TSC found unstable after boot, most likely due to broken BIOS. Use 'tsc=unstable'. sched_clock: Marking unstable (119294969739, 159204297)<-(125446229205, -5992055152) clocksource: Checking clocksource tsc synchronization from CPU 319 to CPUs 0,99,136,180,210,542,601,896. clocksource: Switched to clocksource hpet The reason is that for platform with a large number of CPUs, there are sporadic big or huge read latencies while reading the watchog/clocksource during boot or when system is under stress work load, and the frequency and maximum value of the latency goes up with the number of online CPUs. The cCurrent code already has logic to detect and filter such high latency case by reading the watchdog twice and checking the two deltas. Due to the randomness of the latency, there is a low probabilty that the first delta (latency) is big, but the second delta is small and looks valid. The watchdog code retries the readouts by default twice, which is not necessarily sufficient for systems with a large number of CPUs. There is a command line parameter 'max_cswd_read_retries' which allows to increase the number of retries, but that's not user friendly as it needs to be tweaked per system. As the number of required retries is proportional to the number of online CPUs, this parameter can be calculated at runtime. Scale and enlarge the number of retries according to the number of online CPUs and remove the command line parameter completely. [ tglx: Massaged change log and comments ] Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: Jin Wang <jin1.wang@intel.com> Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221060859.1027450-1-feng.tang@intel.com
2024-02-20Merge branch 'for-6.8/cxl-cper' into for-6.8/cxlDan Williams
Pick up CXL CPER notification removal for v6.8-rc6, to return in a later merge window.
2024-02-20perf: script: prefer capstone to XEDChangbin Du
Now perf can show assembly instructions with libcapstone for x86, and the capstone is better in general. Signed-off-by: Changbin Du <changbin.du@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: changbin.du@gmail.com Cc: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240217074046.4100789-6-changbin.du@huawei.com
2024-02-20perf: script: add raw|disasm arguments to --insn-trace optionChangbin Du
Now '--insn-trace' accept a argument to specify the output format: - raw: display raw instructions. - disasm: display mnemonic instructions (if capstone is installed). $ sudo perf script --insn-trace=raw ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209908875: 7f216b426100 _start+0x0 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) insn: 48 89 e7 ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209908875: 7f216b426103 _start+0x3 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) insn: e8 e8 0c 00 00 ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209908875: 7f216b426df0 _dl_start+0x0 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) insn: f3 0f 1e fa $ sudo perf script --insn-trace=disasm ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209908875: 7f216b426100 _start+0x0 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) movq %rsp, %rdi ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209908875: 7f216b426103 _start+0x3 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) callq _dl_start+0x0 ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209908875: 7f216b426df0 _dl_start+0x0 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) illegal instruction ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209908875: 7f216b426df4 _dl_start+0x4 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) pushq %rbp ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209908875: 7f216b426df5 _dl_start+0x5 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) movq %rsp, %rbp ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209908875: 7f216b426df8 _dl_start+0x8 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) pushq %r15 Signed-off-by: Changbin Du <changbin.du@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: changbin.du@gmail.com Cc: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240217074046.4100789-5-changbin.du@huawei.com
2024-02-20perf: script: add field 'disasm' to display mnemonic instructionsChangbin Du
In addition to the 'insn' field, this adds a new field 'disasm' to display mnemonic instructions instead of the raw code. $ sudo perf script -F +disasm perf-exec 1443864 [006] 2275506.209848: psb: psb offs: 0 0 [unknown] ([unknown]) perf-exec 1443864 [006] 2275506.209848: cbr: cbr: 41 freq: 4100 MHz (114%) 0 [unknown] ([unknown]) ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209905: 1 branches:uH: 7f216b426100 _start+0x0 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) movq %rsp, %rdi ls 1443864 [006] 2275506.209908: 1 branches:uH: 7f216b426103 _start+0x3 (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so) callq _dl_start+0x0 Signed-off-by: Changbin Du <changbin.du@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: changbin.du@gmail.com Cc: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240217074046.4100789-4-changbin.du@huawei.com
2024-02-20perf: util: use capstone disasm engine to show assembly instructionsChangbin Du
Currently, the instructions of samples are shown as raw hex strings which are hard to read. x86 has a special option '--xed' to disassemble the hex string via intel XED tool. Here we use capstone as our disassembler engine to give more friendly instructions. We select libcapstone because capstone can provide more insn details. Perf will fallback to raw instructions if libcapstone is not available. The advantages compared to XED tool: * Support arm, arm64, x86-32, x86_64 (more could be supported), xed only for x86_64. * Immediate address operands are shown as symbol+offs. Signed-off-by: Changbin Du <changbin.du@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: changbin.du@gmail.com Cc: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240217074046.4100789-3-changbin.du@huawei.com
2024-02-20perf: build: introduce the libcapstoneChangbin Du
Later we will use libcapstone to disassemble instructions of samples. Signed-off-by: Changbin Du <changbin.du@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: changbin.du@gmail.com Cc: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240217074046.4100789-2-changbin.du@huawei.com
2024-02-20selftests: sched: Fix spelling mistake "hiearchy" -> "hierarchy"Colin Ian King
There is a spelling mistake in a printed message. Fix it. Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.i.king@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests/mqueue: Set timeout to 180 secondsSeongJae Park
While mq_perf_tests runs with the default kselftest timeout limit, which is 45 seconds, the test takes about 60 seconds to complete on i3.metal AWS instances. Hence, the test always times out. Increase the timeout to 180 seconds. Fixes: 852c8cbf34d3 ("selftests/kselftest/runner.sh: Add 45 second timeout per test") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.4.x Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests/ftrace: Add test to exercize function tracer across cpu hotplugNaveen N Rao
Add a test to exercize cpu hotplug with the function tracer active to ensure that sensitive functions in idle path are excluded from being traced. This helps catch issues such as the one fixed by commit 4b3338aaa74d ("powerpc/ftrace: Fix stack teardown in ftrace_no_trace"). Signed-off-by: Naveen N Rao <naveen@kernel.org> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftest: ftrace: fix minor typo in logVincenzo Mezzela
Resolves a spelling error in the test log, preventing potential confusion. Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Mezzela <vincenzo.mezzela@gmail.com> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests: thermal: intel: workload_hint: add missing gitignoreJavier Carrasco
The 'workload_hint_test' test generates an object with the same name, but there is no .gitignore file in the directory to add the object as stated in the selftest documentation. Add the missing .gitignore file and include 'workload_hint_test'. Signed-off-by: Javier Carrasco <javier.carrasco.cruz@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests: thermal: intel: power_floor: add missing gitignoreJavier Carrasco
The 'power_floor' test generates an object with the same name, but there is no .gitignore file in the directory to add the object as stated in the selftest documentation. Add the missing .gitignore file and include 'power_floor'. Signed-off-by: Javier Carrasco <javier.carrasco.cruz@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests: uevent: add missing gitignoreJavier Carrasco
The 'uevent_filtering' test generates an object with the same name, but there is no .gitignore file in the directory to add the object as stated in the selftest documentation. Add the missing .gitignore file and include 'uevent_filtering'. Signed-off-by: Javier Carrasco <javier.carrasco.cruz@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests: Add test to verify power supply propertiesNícolas F. R. A. Prado
Add a kselftest that verifies power supply properties from sysfs and uevent. It checks whether they are present, readable and return valid values. This initial set of properties is not comprehensive, but rather the ones that I was able to validate locally. Co-developed-by: Sebastian Reichel <sebastian.reichel@collabora.com> Signed-off-by: Sebastian Reichel <sebastian.reichel@collabora.com> Signed-off-by: Nícolas F. R. A. Prado <nfraprado@collabora.com> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests: ktap_helpers: Add a helper to finish the testNícolas F. R. A. Prado
Similar to the C counterpart, keep track of the number of test cases in the test plan and add a helper function to be called at the end of the test to print the results and exit with the corresponding exit code. Signed-off-by: Nícolas F. R. A. Prado <nfraprado@collabora.com> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests: ktap_helpers: Add a helper to abort the testNícolas F. R. A. Prado
Similar to the C counterpart, add a helper function to abort the remainder of the test. Signed-off-by: Nícolas F. R. A. Prado <nfraprado@collabora.com> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests: ktap_helpers: Add helper to pass/fail test based on exit codeNícolas F. R. A. Prado
Similar to the C counterpart, add a helper function that runs a command and passes or fails the test based on the result. Signed-off-by: Nícolas F. R. A. Prado <nfraprado@collabora.com> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests: ktap_helpers: Add helper to print diagnostic messagesNícolas F. R. A. Prado
Similar to the C counterpart, add a helper to print a diagnostic message. Signed-off-by: Nícolas F. R. A. Prado <nfraprado@collabora.com> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests: Move KTAP bash helpers to selftests common folderLaura Nao
Move bash helpers for outputting in KTAP format to the common selftests folder. This allows kselftests other than the dt one to source the file and make use of the helper functions. Define pass, fail and skip codes in the same file too. Signed-off-by: Laura Nao <laura.nao@collabora.com> Reviewed-by: Nícolas F. R. A. Prado <nfraprado@collabora.com> Tested-by: Nícolas F. R. A. Prado <nfraprado@collabora.com> Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests/mm: uffd-unit-test check if huge page size is 0Terry Tritton
If HUGETLBFS is not enabled then the default_huge_page_size function will return 0 and cause a divide by 0 error. Add a check to see if the huge page size is 0 and skip the hugetlb tests if it is. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240205145055.3545806-2-terry.tritton@linaro.org Fixes: 16a45b57cbf2 ("selftests/mm: add framework for uffd-unit-test") Signed-off-by: Terry Tritton <terry.tritton@linaro.org> Cc: Peter Griffin <peter.griffin@linaro.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2024-02-20selftests: ftrace: fix typo in test descriptionAli Zahraee
The typo in the description shows up in test logs and output. This patch submission is part of my application to the Linux Foundation mentorship program: Linux kernel Bug Fixing Spring Unpaid 2024. Signed-off-by: Ali Zahraee <ahzahraee@gmail.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2024-02-20selftest/ftrace: fix typo in ftracetest scriptKousik Sanagavarapu
Fix a typo in ftracetest script which is run when running the kselftests for ftrace. s/faii/fail Signed-off-by: Kousik Sanagavarapu <five231003@gmail.com> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>