Merge tag 'trace-v5.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace

Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:

 - Addition of multiprobes to kprobe and uprobe events (allows for more
   than one probe attached to the same location)

 - Addition of adding immediates to probe parameters

 - Clean up of the recordmcount.c code. This brings us closer to merging
   recordmcount into objtool, and reuse code.

 - Other small clean ups

* tag 'trace-v5.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (33 commits)
  selftests/ftrace: Update kprobe event error testcase
  tracing/probe: Reject exactly same probe event
  tracing/probe: Fix to allow user to enable events on unloaded modules
  selftests/ftrace: Select an existing function in kprobe_eventname test
  tracing/kprobe: Fix NULL pointer access in trace_porbe_unlink()
  tracing: Make sure variable reference alias has correct var_ref_idx
  tracing: Be more clever when dumping hex in __print_hex()
  ftrace: Simplify ftrace hash lookup code in clear_func_from_hash()
  tracing: Add "gfp_t" support in synthetic_events
  tracing: Rename tracing_reset() to tracing_reset_cpu()
  tracing: Document the stack trace algorithm in the comments
  tracing/arm64: Have max stack tracer handle the case of return address after data
  recordmcount: Clarify what cleanup() does
  recordmcount: Remove redundant cleanup() calls
  recordmcount: Kernel style formatting
  recordmcount: Kernel style function signature formatting
  recordmcount: Rewrite error/success handling
  selftests/ftrace: Add syntax error test for multiprobe
  selftests/ftrace: Add syntax error test for immediates
  selftests/ftrace: Add a testcase for kprobe multiprobe event
  ...

1 files changed, 112 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c b/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c
index 5d16f73898dbd..ec9a34a971292 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/trace_stack.c
@@ -53,6 +53,104 @@ static void print_max_stack(void)
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * The stack tracer looks for a maximum stack at each call from a function. It
+ * registers a callback from ftrace, and in that callback it examines the stack
+ * size. It determines the stack size from the variable passed in, which is the
+ * address of a local variable in the stack_trace_call() callback function.
+ * The stack size is calculated by the address of the local variable to the top
+ * of the current stack. If that size is smaller than the currently saved max
+ * stack size, nothing more is done.
+ *
+ * If the size of the stack is greater than the maximum recorded size, then the
+ * following algorithm takes place.
+ *
+ * For architectures (like x86) that store the function's return address before
+ * saving the function's local variables, the stack will look something like
+ * this:
+ *
+ *   [ top of stack ]
+ *    0: sys call entry frame
+ *   10: return addr to entry code
+ *   11: start of sys_foo frame
+ *   20: return addr to sys_foo
+ *   21: start of kernel_func_bar frame
+ *   30: return addr to kernel_func_bar
+ *   31: [ do trace stack here ]
+ *
+ * The save_stack_trace() is called returning all the functions it finds in the
+ * current stack. Which would be (from the bottom of the stack to the top):
+ *
+ *   return addr to kernel_func_bar
+ *   return addr to sys_foo
+ *   return addr to entry code
+ *
+ * Now to figure out how much each of these functions' local variable size is,
+ * a search of the stack is made to find these values. When a match is made, it
+ * is added to the stack_dump_trace[] array. The offset into the stack is saved
+ * in the stack_trace_index[] array. The above example would show:
+ *
+ *        stack_dump_trace[]        |   stack_trace_index[]
+ *        ------------------        +   -------------------
+ *  return addr to kernel_func_bar  |          30
+ *  return addr to sys_foo          |          20
+ *  return addr to entry            |          10
+ *
+ * The print_max_stack() function above, uses these values to print the size of
+ * each function's portion of the stack.
+ *
+ *  for (i = 0; i < nr_entries; i++) {
+ *     size = i == nr_entries - 1 ? stack_trace_index[i] :
+ *                    stack_trace_index[i] - stack_trace_index[i+1]
+ *     print "%d %d %d %s\n", i, stack_trace_index[i], size, stack_dump_trace[i]);
+ *  }
+ *
+ * The above shows
+ *
+ *     depth size  location
+ *     ----- ----  --------
+ *  0    30   10   kernel_func_bar
+ *  1    20   10   sys_foo
+ *  2    10   10   entry code
+ *
+ * Now for architectures that might save the return address after the functions
+ * local variables (saving the link register before calling nested functions),
+ * this will cause the stack to look a little different:
+ *
+ * [ top of stack ]
+ *  0: sys call entry frame
+ * 10: start of sys_foo_frame
+ * 19: return addr to entry code << lr saved before calling kernel_func_bar
+ * 20: start of kernel_func_bar frame
+ * 29: return addr to sys_foo_frame << lr saved before calling next function
+ * 30: [ do trace stack here ]
+ *
+ * Although the functions returned by save_stack_trace() may be the same, the
+ * placement in the stack will be different. Using the same algorithm as above
+ * would yield:
+ *
+ *        stack_dump_trace[]        |   stack_trace_index[]
+ *        ------------------        +   -------------------
+ *  return addr to kernel_func_bar  |          30
+ *  return addr to sys_foo          |          29
+ *  return addr to entry            |          19
+ *
+ * Where the mapping is off by one:
+ *
+ *   kernel_func_bar stack frame size is 29 - 19 not 30 - 29!
+ *
+ * To fix this, if the architecture sets ARCH_RET_ADDR_AFTER_LOCAL_VARS the
+ * values in stack_trace_index[] are shifted by one to and the number of
+ * stack trace entries is decremented by one.
+ *
+ *        stack_dump_trace[]        |   stack_trace_index[]
+ *        ------------------        +   -------------------
+ *  return addr to kernel_func_bar  |          29
+ *  return addr to sys_foo          |          19
+ *
+ * Although the entry function is not displayed, the first function (sys_foo)
+ * will still include the stack size of it.
+ */
 static void check_stack(unsigned long ip, unsigned long *stack)
 {
 	unsigned long this_size, flags; unsigned long *p, *top, *start;
@@ -158,6 +256,20 @@ static void check_stack(unsigned long ip, unsigned long *stack)
 			i++;
 	}
 
+#ifdef ARCH_FTRACE_SHIFT_STACK_TRACER
+	/*
+	 * Some archs will store the link register before calling
+	 * nested functions. This means the saved return address
+	 * comes after the local storage, and we need to shift
+	 * for that.
+	 */
+	if (x > 1) {
+		memmove(&stack_trace_index[0], &stack_trace_index[1],
+			sizeof(stack_trace_index[0]) * (x - 1));
+		x--;
+	}
+#endif
+
 	stack_trace_nr_entries = x;
 
 	if (task_stack_end_corrupted(current)) {