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authorPawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>2025-08-14 10:20:42 -0700
committerDave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>2025-08-14 10:26:20 -0700
commita508cec6e5215a3fbc7e73ae86a5c5602187934d (patch)
treec16f4b96384f53a96f993344e3d51f9d3e60dcb8
parent9969779d0803f5dcd4460ae7aca2bc3fd91bff12 (diff)
x86/vmscape: Enumerate VMSCAPE bug
The VMSCAPE vulnerability may allow a guest to cause Branch Target Injection (BTI) in userspace hypervisors. Kernels (both host and guest) have existing defenses against direct BTI attacks from guests. There are also inter-process BTI mitigations which prevent processes from attacking each other. However, the threat in this case is to a userspace hypervisor within the same process as the attacker. Userspace hypervisors have access to their own sensitive data like disk encryption keys and also typically have access to all guest data. This means guest userspace may use the hypervisor as a confused deputy to attack sensitive guest kernel data. There are no existing mitigations for these attacks. Introduce X86_BUG_VMSCAPE for this vulnerability and set it on affected Intel and AMD CPUs. Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h1
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c65
2 files changed, 44 insertions, 22 deletions
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
index 602957dd2609..b6fa5c33c85d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -550,4 +550,5 @@
#define X86_BUG_ITS X86_BUG( 1*32+ 7) /* "its" CPU is affected by Indirect Target Selection */
#define X86_BUG_ITS_NATIVE_ONLY X86_BUG( 1*32+ 8) /* "its_native_only" CPU is affected by ITS, VMX is not affected */
#define X86_BUG_TSA X86_BUG( 1*32+ 9) /* "tsa" CPU is affected by Transient Scheduler Attacks */
+#define X86_BUG_VMSCAPE X86_BUG( 1*32+10) /* "vmscape" CPU is affected by VMSCAPE attacks from guests */
#endif /* _ASM_X86_CPUFEATURES_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index 34a054181c4d..2b87c93e6609 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -1236,6 +1236,8 @@ static const __initconst struct x86_cpu_id cpu_vuln_whitelist[] = {
#define ITS_NATIVE_ONLY BIT(9)
/* CPU is affected by Transient Scheduler Attacks */
#define TSA BIT(10)
+/* CPU is affected by VMSCAPE */
+#define VMSCAPE BIT(11)
static const struct x86_cpu_id cpu_vuln_blacklist[] __initconst = {
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_IVYBRIDGE, X86_STEP_MAX, SRBDS),
@@ -1247,44 +1249,55 @@ static const struct x86_cpu_id cpu_vuln_blacklist[] __initconst = {
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_BROADWELL_G, X86_STEP_MAX, SRBDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_BROADWELL_X, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_BROADWELL, X86_STEP_MAX, SRBDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_SKYLAKE_X, 0x5, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_SKYLAKE_X, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | ITS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_SKYLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_SKYLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_KABYLAKE_L, 0xb, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_KABYLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS | ITS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_KABYLAKE, 0xc, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_KABYLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS | ITS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_CANNONLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, RETBLEED),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_SKYLAKE_X, 0x5, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_SKYLAKE_X, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | ITS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_SKYLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_SKYLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_KABYLAKE_L, 0xb, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_KABYLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS | ITS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_KABYLAKE, 0xc, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_KABYLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | SRBDS | ITS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_CANNONLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, RETBLEED | VMSCAPE),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ICELAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RETBLEED | GDS | ITS | ITS_NATIVE_ONLY),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ICELAKE_D, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | GDS | ITS | ITS_NATIVE_ONLY),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ICELAKE_X, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | GDS | ITS | ITS_NATIVE_ONLY),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_COMETLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RETBLEED | GDS | ITS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_COMETLAKE_L, 0x0, MMIO | RETBLEED | ITS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_COMETLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RETBLEED | GDS | ITS),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_COMETLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RETBLEED | GDS | ITS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_COMETLAKE_L, 0x0, MMIO | RETBLEED | ITS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_COMETLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RETBLEED | GDS | ITS | VMSCAPE),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_TIGERLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, GDS | ITS | ITS_NATIVE_ONLY),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_TIGERLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, GDS | ITS | ITS_NATIVE_ONLY),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_LAKEFIELD, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RETBLEED),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ROCKETLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS | ITS | ITS_NATIVE_ONLY),
- VULNBL_INTEL_TYPE(INTEL_ALDERLAKE, ATOM, RFDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ALDERLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_TYPE(INTEL_RAPTORLAKE, ATOM, RFDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_RAPTORLAKE_P, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_RAPTORLAKE_S, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS),
- VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ATOM_GRACEMONT, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_TYPE(INTEL_ALDERLAKE, ATOM, RFDS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ALDERLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ALDERLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_TYPE(INTEL_RAPTORLAKE, ATOM, RFDS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_RAPTORLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_RAPTORLAKE_P, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_RAPTORLAKE_S, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_METEORLAKE_L, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ARROWLAKE_H, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ARROWLAKE, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ARROWLAKE_U, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_LUNARLAKE_M, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_SAPPHIRERAPIDS_X, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_GRANITERAPIDS_X, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_EMERALDRAPIDS_X, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ATOM_GRACEMONT, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS | VMSCAPE),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ATOM_TREMONT, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ATOM_TREMONT_D, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ATOM_TREMONT_L, X86_STEP_MAX, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ATOM_GOLDMONT, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ATOM_GOLDMONT_D, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ATOM_GOLDMONT_PLUS, X86_STEP_MAX, RFDS),
+ VULNBL_INTEL_STEPS(INTEL_ATOM_CRESTMONT_X, X86_STEP_MAX, VMSCAPE),
VULNBL_AMD(0x15, RETBLEED),
VULNBL_AMD(0x16, RETBLEED),
- VULNBL_AMD(0x17, RETBLEED | SMT_RSB | SRSO),
- VULNBL_HYGON(0x18, RETBLEED | SMT_RSB | SRSO),
- VULNBL_AMD(0x19, SRSO | TSA),
- VULNBL_AMD(0x1a, SRSO),
+ VULNBL_AMD(0x17, RETBLEED | SMT_RSB | SRSO | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_HYGON(0x18, RETBLEED | SMT_RSB | SRSO | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_AMD(0x19, SRSO | TSA | VMSCAPE),
+ VULNBL_AMD(0x1a, SRSO | VMSCAPE),
{}
};
@@ -1543,6 +1556,14 @@ static void __init cpu_set_bug_bits(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
}
}
+ /*
+ * Set the bug only on bare-metal. A nested hypervisor should already be
+ * deploying IBPB to isolate itself from nested guests.
+ */
+ if (cpu_matches(cpu_vuln_blacklist, VMSCAPE) &&
+ !boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_HYPERVISOR))
+ setup_force_cpu_bug(X86_BUG_VMSCAPE);
+
if (cpu_matches(cpu_vuln_whitelist, NO_MELTDOWN))
return;