diff options
| author | Roland McGrath <roland@gnu.org> | 1994-06-07 05:58:02 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roland McGrath <roland@gnu.org> | 1994-06-07 05:58:02 +0000 |
| commit | 0b30a8443c70eb547ab2a2ce7262cba55a4cb8df (patch) | |
| tree | c6ac7eea236209bfd3a8f9de8ed1d02497cddff0 /time | |
| parent | 2eb5f474f38b7327c738b709e116bf0536a2a35a (diff) | |
entered into RCS
Diffstat (limited to 'time')
| -rw-r--r-- | time/asia | 795 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | time/europe | 1952 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | time/northamerica | 902 |
3 files changed, 3649 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/time/asia b/time/asia new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f405bf3bdf --- /dev/null +++ b/time/asia @@ -0,0 +1,795 @@ +# @(#)asia 7.10 + +# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# +# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is +# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). +# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. +# +# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which +# I found in the UCLA library. +# +# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; +# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. +# Corrections are welcome! +# std dst +# LMT Local Mean Time +# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'') +# 2:00 EET EET DST Eastern European Time +# 2:00 IST IDT Israel +# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* +# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow +# 3:30 IST IDT Iran +# 4:00 BSK BSD Baku* +# 4:00 GST GDT Gulf* +# 4:30 AFT Afghanistan* +# 5:00 ASK ASD Ashkhabad* +# 5:00 PKT Pakistan* +# 5:30 IST IST India +# 5:45 NPT Nepal* +# 6:00 BGT Bengal, Bangladesh* +# 6:00 TSK TSD Tashkent* +# 6:30 BMT Burma* +# 7:00 ICT Indochina* +# 7:00 JVT Java* +# 8:00 BNT Borneo, Brunei* +# 8:00 CST CDT China +# 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong +# 8:00 PST PDT Philippines* +# 8:00 SGT Singapore +# 8:00 UST UDT Ulan Bator* +# 9:00 JST Japan +# 9:00 KST KDT Korea +# 9:00 MLT Moluccas* +# 9:30 CST Australian Central Standard Time +# +# See the `europe' file for Russia in Asia. +# +# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions. + +# From Guy Harris: +# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as +# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental +# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - +# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. + +############################################################################### + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): +# We don't know what happened to the clocks in the Caucausus and the ex-Soviet +# Central Asia after 1990. Until we get more info, stick with the pre-1991 rules. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K +Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 K +Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D + +# Afghanistan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 + 4:00 - GST 1945 + 4:30 - AFT + +# Armenia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 3:00 - MSK 1957 Mar + 4:00 Russia BS%s + +# Azerbaijan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 3:00 - MSK 1957 Mar + 4:00 Russia BS%s + +# Bahrain +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al-Manamah + 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun + 3:00 - AST + +# Bangladesh +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dacca 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 + 5:53 - CMT 1941 Oct # Calcutta Mean Time + 6:30 - BMT 1942 May 15 + 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep + 6:30 - BMT 1951 Sep 30 + 6:00 - BGT + +# Bhutan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Thimbu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 + 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct + 6:00 - BGT + +# British Indian Ocean Territory +# From Whitman: +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Chagos 5:00 - PKT + +# Brunei +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan + 7:30 - BNT 1933 + 8:00 - BNT + +# Burma +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 + 6:25 - RMT 1920 + 6:30 - BMT 1942 May + 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 + 6:30 - BMT + +# Cambodia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 + 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT + 7:00 - ICT 1912 May + 8:00 - ICT 1931 May + 7:00 - ICT + +# People's Republic of China + +# From Guy Harris: +# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. + +# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): +# No they don't. See TIME mag, February 17, 1986 p.52. Even though +# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the +# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China +# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of +# the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. +# +# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too +# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for +# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): +# +# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 +# 1987 mid-April - ?? + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# According to Shanks, China started using DST in 1986, +# but it's still all one big happy time zone. + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): +# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN +# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# Shanks writes that China switched from the Chinese calendar on 1912 Feb 12. +# He also writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, +# and that they instituted DST on 1986 May 4; this contradicts Devine's +# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. + +# From Shanks (1991): +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Shang 1928 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule PRC 1949 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D +Rule PRC 1986 max - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S +Rule PRC 1987 max - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 + 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 + 8:00 PRC C%sT + +############################################################################### + +# Republic of China + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Taiwan 1896 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 + 8:00 Taiwan C%sT + +############################################################################### +# Hong Kong +# Presumably Hong Kong will have DST again when it merges with China, +# but it's too early to predict the details. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule HK 1904 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 - +Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 + 8:00 HK HK%sT + +# Macao +# Presumably Macao will have DST again when it merges with China, +# but it's too early to predict the details. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Macao 1912 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Macao 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D +Rule Macao 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S +Rule Macao 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Macao 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D +Rule Macao 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Macao 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S +Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D +Rule Macao 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S +Rule Macao 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Macao 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S +Rule Macao 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S +Rule Macao 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D +Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Macao 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Macao 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 + 8:00 Macao C%sT + + +############################################################################### + +# Cyprus +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Cyprus 1921 only - Nov 14 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1979 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 + 2:00 Cyprus EET%s + +# Georgia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 + 2:59 - LST 1924 May 2 + 3:00 - MSK 1957 Mar + 4:00 Russia BS%s + +# India +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 + 5:53 - CMT 1941 Oct # Calcutta Mean Time + 6:30 - BMT 1942 May 15 + 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep + 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 + 5:30 - IST +# The following are like India/Calcutta: +# Andaman Is +# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) +# Nicobar Is + +# Indonesia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 + 7:07 - JMT 1924 Jan 1 0:13 + 7:20 - JVT 1932 Nov + 7:30 - JVT 1942 Mar 23 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug + 7:30 - JVT 1948 May + 8:00 - JVT 1950 May + 7:30 - JVT 1964 + 7:00 - JVT +Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 + 7:58 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar Mean Time + 8:00 - BNT 1942 Feb 9 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug + 8:00 - BNT +Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov + 9:00 - MLT 1944 + 9:30 - CST 1964 + 9:00 - MLT + +# Iran + +# Shanks has no record of DST after 1980. + +# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): +# Iran: Last Sunday in March to third (?) Sunday in +# September. Since the revolution, the official calendar is Monarchic +# calendar; I have no idea what the correspondence between dates are. + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): +# IRAN 3.5H AHEAD OF UTC + +# From Shanks (1991), with corrections from Devine: +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Iran 1977 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 1988 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 1988 max - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 + 3:26 - TMT 1946 + 3:30 - IST 1977 Nov + 4:00 Iran G%sT 1979 + 3:30 Iran I%sT + +# Iraq +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iraq 1985 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iraq 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 + 2:58 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time + 3:00 - AST 1982 May + 3:00 Iraq A%sT + + +############################################################################### + +# Israel + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): +# ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC +# ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3 + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# +# Shanks gives the following rules for Jerusalem from 1918 through 1991. +# After 1989 Shanks often disagrees with Silverberg; we go with Silverberg. + +# From Shanks (1991): +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1918 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD +Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S +#Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 D +#Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 2 0:00 0 S +#Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D +#Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S +#Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 10 0:00 1:00 D +#Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S + +# From Ephraim Silverberg (September 5, 1993): +# +# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of +# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. +# Each year they decide anew what havoc to wreak on the country. However, +# there is a "supposed" set of rules which is subject to change depending +# on the party the Minister of Interior, the size of the coalition +# government, the phase of the moon and the direction of the wind. Hence, +# changes may need to be made on a semi-annual basis. One thing is entrenched +# in law, however: that there must be at least 150 days on daylight savings +# time annually. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S +Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0:00 S +Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S +Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0:00 S +Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S + +# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for +# the Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem. There are no dates yet for 1996 and +# beyond so your guess is as good as theirs (those who are interested can +# call 972-2-701411 and ask for the spokeswoman). + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0:00 S +Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1995 only - Aug 27 0:00 0:00 S + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880 + 2:21 - JMT 1918 + 2:00 Zion I%sT + + +############################################################################### + +# Japan + +# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# Shanks says that the far southern Ryukyu Is (Nansei-Shoto) are 8:00, +# but we don't have a good location name for them; +# we don't even know the name of the principal town. +# There is no information for Marcus. +# Other Japanese possessions are probably like Asia/Tokyo. + +# From Shanks (1991): +# Japan switched from the Japanese calendar on 1893 Jan 1. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:19:04 - LMT 1896 + 9:00 - JST +#Zone Asia/South_Ryukyu 8:14:44 - LMT 1896 # Amitori +# 8:00 - CST + +# Jordan +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# Most likely Shanks is merely guessing dates from 1992 on. +# From Shanks (1991): +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Jordan 1931 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1992 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Jordan 1992 max - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 + 2:00 Jordan EET%s + +# Kazakhstan +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# Before 1993, Almaty was known by its Russian name ``Alma-Ata''. +# From Shanks (1991): +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar + 6:00 Russia TS%s + + +############################################################################### + +# Korea + +# From Guy Harris: +# According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco, +# Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know +# at what time of day DST starts or ends. + +# From Shanks (1991): +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S +Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 + 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec + 9:00 - KST 1928 + 8:30 - KST 1932 + 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 + 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 + 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct + 9:00 ROK K%sT +Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 + 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec + 9:00 - KST 1928 + 8:30 - KST 1932 + 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 + 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 + 9:00 - KST + +############################################################################### + + +# Kuwait +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 + 3:00 - AST + +# Kyrgyzstan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Frunze 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar + 6:00 Russia TS%s + +# Laos +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 + 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT + 7:00 - ICT 1912 May + 8:00 - ICT 1931 May + 7:00 - ICT + +# Lebanon +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Lebanon 1880 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1984 max - Oct 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lebanon 1990 max - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 + 2:00 Lebanon EET%s + +# Malaysia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 1880 + 6:55 - SMT 1905 Jun + 7:00 - SGT 1933 + 7:20 - SGT 1942 Feb 15 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2 + 7:20 - SGT 1950 + 7:30 - SGT 1982 May + 8:00 - SGT + +# Maldives +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male + 4:54 - MMT 1960 + 5:00 - PKT + +# Mongolia +# Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones +# till we know what their principal towns are. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Mongol 1978 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 T +Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Mongol 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 T +Rule Mongol 1985 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +#Zone Asia/Dariv 6:14:32 - LMT 1905 Aug +# 6:00 - DST 1978 +# 7:00 Mongol D%sT +Zone Asia/Ulan_Bator 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug + 7:00 - UST 1978 + 8:00 Mongol U%sT +#Zone Asia/Baruun-Urt 7:33:00 - LMT 1905 Aug +# 8:00 - BST 1978 +# 9:00 Mongol B%sT + +# Nepal +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 + 5:30 - IST 1986 + 5:45 - NPT + +# Oman +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 + 4:00 - GST + +# Pakistan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 + 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep + 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 + 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 + 5:00 - PKT + +# Palestine +# These rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - +Rule Egypt 1966 max - Oct 1 3:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct + 2:00 - EET 1957 May 10 + 2:00 Egypt EET%s 1967 Jun 30 + 2:00 Zion I%sT +# This will undoubtedly change soon. + +# Philippines +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Phil 1899 only - May 11 0:00 0 S +Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Manila 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 + 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May + 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov + 8:00 Phil P%sT + +# Qatar +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah + 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun + 3:00 - AST + +# Saudi Arabia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 + 3:00 - AST + +# Singapore +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:24 - LMT 1880 + 6:55 - SMT 1905 Jun + 7:00 - SGT 1933 + 7:20 - SGT 1942 Feb 15 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2 + 7:20 - SGT 1950 + 7:30 - SGT 1982 May + 8:00 - SGT + +# Sri Lanka +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 + 5:20 - JMT 1906 + 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 + 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep + 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 + 5:30 - IST + +# Syria +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Syria 1920 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1990 max - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Syria 1990 max - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 + 2:00 Syria EET%s + +# Tajikistan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar + 6:00 Russia TS%s + +# Thailand +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 + 6:42 - BMT 1920 Apr + 7:00 - ICT + +# Turkmenistan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - ASK 1957 Mar + 5:00 Russia AS%s + +# United Arab Emirates +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 + 4:00 - GST + +# Uzbekistan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar + 6:00 Russia TS%s + +# Vietnam +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long. +# We'll stick with the traditional name for now. +# From Shanks (1991): +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 + 7:06 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT + 7:00 - ICT 1912 May + 8:00 - ICT 1931 May + 7:00 - ICT + +# Yemen +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 + 3:00 - AST diff --git a/time/europe b/time/europe new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f73ca6ac92 --- /dev/null +++ b/time/europe @@ -0,0 +1,1952 @@ +# @(#)europe 7.15 + +# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is +# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). +# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. +# +# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which +# I found in the UCLA library. +# +# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; +# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. +# The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome! +# std dst +# LMT Local Mean Time +# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'') +# -4:00 AST Atlantic +# -3:00 WGT+DST Western Greenland* +# -2:00 MGT+DST Middle Greenland* +# -1:00 EGT+DST Eastern Greenland* +# -1:00 ACT+DST Azores and Canaries* +# -1:00 IST IDT Iceland (no longer used)* +# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer +# 0:00 WET+DST Western Europe +# 1:00 MET+DST Middle Europe +# 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe +# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow +# 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)* +# 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev* +# 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg* +# 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk* +# 7:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk +# 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk* +# 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk* +# 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok* +# 11:00 GSK GSD Magadan* +# 12:00 PSK PSD Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski* +# 13:00 ASK ASD Anadyr* +# +# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions. +# +# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, +# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, +# Oxford University Press (1980). + +# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993): +# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya''). + +############################################################################### + +# United Kingdom + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# +# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. +# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, +# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. +# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828); +# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844), +# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude. +# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway +# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most +# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the +# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be +# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major +# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public +# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock +# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, +# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal +# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading +# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. +# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition +# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2. +# +# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single +# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much +# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time. + +# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989): +# +# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's +# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. + +# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) +# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> +# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. +# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in +# politics making a fortune, not computing. + +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993): +# +# I have some more up to date info. +# +# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation +# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift +# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the +# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993 +# and 1994 are: +# Start End +# 1993 28 March 24 October +# 1994 27 March 23 October +# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT. +# +# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981. +# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT +# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since. +# +# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the +# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order +# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day +# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in +# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday. +# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday +# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) +# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by +# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) +# to specify the EC specified dates. + +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993): +# +# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department +# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following, +# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers, +# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: +# +# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home +# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals +# regarding double summer time. +# +# [two other similar questions omitted] +# +# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have +# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of +# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the +# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, +# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that +# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter +# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from +# Monday, 2nd April.' + +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993): +# +# > # Current rules +# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST +# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT +# +# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth +# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't +# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then +# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with +# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time +# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history +# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows +# what will happen. +# +# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another +# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start +# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically +# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want +# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone +# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap +# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should +# be the end of it. + +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993): +# +# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all. +# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland +# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the +# summer months'. +# +# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever +# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years. +# +# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it +# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references +# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.' +# +# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote +# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts: +# +# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie +# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside. +# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since +# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland, +# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.' +# +# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of +# the Irish Free State, now called Eire. +# +# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert +# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales +# was different. +# +# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then, +# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct. + +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993): +# +# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of +# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916. +# +# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time +# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great +# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time +# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would +# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the +# sequence would have been: +# Dublin London +# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST +# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT +# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT +# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT +# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once. +# +# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the +# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source +# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed +# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time. + +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993): +# +# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin +# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom +# ever since it first started in 1916. +# +# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from +# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date. +# +# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation +# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a +# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail +# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April. +# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on, +# except for wartime double summer time. +# +# As evidence I would cite: +# +# - The Summer Time Act, 1916. +# +# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of +# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the +# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour. +# +# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 +# +# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916. +# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 +# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least +# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK. +# +# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 +# +# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third +# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after +# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September. +# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament +# so approved. +# +# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel +# Islands, and the Isle of Man. +# +# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 +# +# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the +# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent, +# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply. +# +# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379 +# [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order] +# +# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. +# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. +# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation, +# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act, +# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland. +# +# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, +# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883 +# +# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940. +# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes. +# +# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, +# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476 +# +# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after +# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the +# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time, +# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about +# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part +# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as +# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and +# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) +# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section +# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board +# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that +# England and Wales were indivisible. +# +# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, +# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506 +# +# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first +# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent. +# +# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, +# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932 +# +# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944. +# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost +# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.) +# +# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945 +# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.) +# +# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968 +# +# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout +# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971. +# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all. +# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it +# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed +# measures saying it didn't. +# +# - The Manx Time Act, 1968 +# +# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that +# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain. +# +# - The Summer Time Act, 1972 +# +# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start +# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter, +# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day +# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is +# 1 hour. +# +# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968, +# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the +# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it. +# +# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to +# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes +# to 01:00 GMT.) +# +# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument] +# +# This specifies dates of: +# Start End +# 1993 28 March 24 October +# 1994 27 March 23 October +# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT. +# This is as far as it goes at present. A new EC directive is expected soon +# and this will lead to a new Summer Time Order implementing it in the UK. +# +# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes +# +# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie +# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside. +# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since +# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland, +# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.' +# +# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland, +# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any +# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply +# throughout the UK. +# +# With that, I rest my case Milud :-) +# +# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out +# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence, +# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining +# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter). + +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993) +# +# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent +# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and +# all the Acts. +# +# There are no changes to the dates we already have. +# +# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order +# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a +# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed +# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone. +# +# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders. +# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time +# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in +# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all. +# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the +# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent. +# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it +# again so they leave it out. +# +# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript +# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in +# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government +# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)]. +# +# The next thing on the horizon is the 7th EC/EU directive and the matching +# UK Order. I expect I will keep quiet until then. +# +# +# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk +# +# +# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates +# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper. +# ## Lines like this are comments. +# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output +# ## Control lines are of the form +# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end> +# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with -- +# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot. +# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name. +# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>. +# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71. +# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double' +# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present. +# ## At present double requires fixed as well. +# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with +# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature. +# +# ## Blank lines are also ignored. +# +# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates +# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ??? +# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table. +# +# # Summer Time Act, 1916 +# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed +# +# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them. +# # unknown Order or Orders ??? +# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed +# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed +# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed +# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722) +# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed +# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed +# +# # Summer Time Act, 1922 +# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ??? +# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed +# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September +# +# # Summer Time Act, 1925 +# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October +# +# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939 +# 1939 3 April 3 November +# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883) +# 1940 4 feb 0 none +# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476) +# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug +# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506) +# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug +# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug +# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932) +# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep +# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945 +# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul +# +# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925 +# 1946 3 April 1 October +# +# # Summer Time Act, 1947 +# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time +# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug +# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948. +# # Unknown Order ??? +# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed +# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the +# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc. +# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ??? +# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ??? +# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ??? +# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ??? +# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed +# +# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925 +# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October +# +# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday +# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967. +# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967. +# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71) +# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed +# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465) +# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81) +# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed +# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101) +# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201) +# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed +# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed +# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed +# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148) +# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man +# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117) +# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK +# # British Standard Time Act, 1968 +# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed +# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none +# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed +# +# # Summer Time Act, 1972 +# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October +# +# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct +# # First EC Directive ??? +# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089) +# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed +# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed +# # Second EC Directive ??? +# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673) +# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed +# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed +# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed +# # Third EC Directive ??? +# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223) +# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed +# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed +# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed +# # Fourth EC Directive ??? +# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931) +# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed +# # Fifth EC Directive ??? +# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985) +# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed +# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed +# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed +# # Sixth EC Directive +# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729) +# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed +# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed + + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# +# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A +# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error; +# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date. +# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules +# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925. +# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition; +# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other +# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now. +# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. +# +# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: +# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight savings time until +# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. +# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. +# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. +# It actually just had one transition. +# * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II. +# Actually, it conformed to Britain. +# +# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; +# we'll ignore it for now. +# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT +# to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to +# conform with Great Britain. +# +# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule GB-Eire 1847 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 GMT +# 1916 to 1925--irregular +Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST +# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter +Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time +Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST +Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST +Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST +# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above. +Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST +Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST +Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT +# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular. +Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST +# 1950 through start of 1953, regular. +Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT +# 1954 to 1980, starting rules +Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +# 1953 to 1980, ending rules +Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 3:00 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT +# Current rules +Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/London -0:00:37 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s +Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT + -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s +Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT + -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00 + 0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 + 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 + 0:00 1:00 BST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 + 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s + +############################################################################### + +# Continental Europe + +Rule W-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" + +Rule M-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Shanks says DST was continuous from 1940 Apr 1 to 1942 Nov 2; go with Whitman. +Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Dec 31 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Oct 5 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. +Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" + +Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 - + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Russia 1880 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 - +Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K +Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D +# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. +# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993): +# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. +Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD +Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K +Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K +Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K +Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D + +# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone WET 0:00 W-Eur WET%s +Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s +Zone EET 2:00 E-Eur EET%s +Zone W-SU 3:00 M-Eur ???? + +# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time + +Link MET CET + +# Albania +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 + 1:00 - MET 1940 Jun 16 + 1:00 Albania MET%s 1985 Mar 31 1:00 + 1:00 W-Eur MET%s + +# Andorra +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 + 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 + 1:00 - MET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Austria +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Austria 1918 only - Jun 16 3:00 0 - +Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - +Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - +Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jun 16 3:00 + 1:00 Austria MET%s 1940 Apr 1 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Austria MET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Belarus +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 + 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): A guess at recent dates: + 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MS%s + +# Belgium +# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +# From Whitman: +Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - +# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman. +Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks. +Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks. +Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks. +Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880 + 0:17 - BST 1892 May 1 12:00 + 0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Mar 1 23:00 + 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 Feb 24 23:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977 Apr 3 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Bosnia and Herzegovina +# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Bulgaria +# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14; +# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - +Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 + 1:57 - TST 1894 Nov 30 + 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 3:00 + 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 + 2:00 Bulg EET%s 1982 Sep 26 2:00 + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s + +# Croatia +# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Czech Republic +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Czech 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - +Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - +Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 + 0:58 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 17 2:00s + 1:00 Czech MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Denmark +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - +Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - +# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways +# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. +# +# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 + 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time + 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s +Zone Atlantic/Faeroe 0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn + 0:00 - WET 1981 Mar 29 1:00 + 0:00 W-Eur WET%s +Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 + -2:00 - MGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -2:00 M-Eur MGT%s 1981 Mar 29 + -1:00 M-Eur EGT%s +Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 + -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -3:00 M-Eur WGT%s +Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 + -4:00 - AST + +# Estonia +# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 + 1:39 - LST 1918 Feb + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Jul + 1:39 - LST 1921 May + 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 22 + 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1989 Sep 24 2:00s + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s + +# Finland +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Finland 1921 only - May 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 + 1:40 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time + 2:00 Finland EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00 + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s + +# France +# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. +# From Shanks (1991): +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule France 1911 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - +Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - +Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - +Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST" +# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, +# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). +Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com) (November 18, 1993): +# Shanks gives no times for 1975, but according to Cm722, +# France introduced summer time in 1975 from 20 March to 22 September. +Rule France 1975 only - Mar 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1975 only - Sep 22 2:00s 0 - +Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:05 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 + 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time + 0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25 + 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 1:00 France MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Germany +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - +Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks. +Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Germany MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Gibraltar +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 + 1:00 - MET 1982 Mar 28 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Greece +# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846. +# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28. +# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Greece 1916 only - July 28 0:01 0 - +# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. +Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. +Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. +Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - +Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. +Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - +Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - +Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - +Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - +Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 + 1:35 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT + 2:00 Greece EET%s 1941 Apr 30 + 1:00 Greece MET%s 1944 Apr 4 + 2:00 Greece EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00 + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s + +# Hungary +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 - +Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - +Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - +Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jul + 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1941 Apr 6 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 1 23:00 + 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1980 Sep 28 2:00s + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Iceland +# +# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993): +# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. +# +# (December 5, 1993): +# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of +# Iceland Almanak. +# +# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour +# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts +# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which +# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. +# +# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks +# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the +# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always +# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. +# +# (December 10, 1993): +# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the +# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus +# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. +# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day +# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. +# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" +# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it +# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced +# in Iceland until 1700. +# +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993): +# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. +# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that +# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Iceland 1908 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S +Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S +Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S +# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter +Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S +# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter +Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D +# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week +Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 + -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time + -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s + 0:00 - GMT + +# Italy +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Italy 1893 only - Nov 1 0:00s 0 S +# Shanks gives transition times of 1916-1920 as 24:00; go with Whitman. +Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Shanks gives 1920 Sep 18; go with Whitman. +Rule Italy 1920 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 + 0:50 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time + 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s + 1:00 Italy MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s +# Vatican is identical to Europe/Rome; San Marino is like Europe/Rome. + +# Latvia +# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 + 1:36 - LST 1918 Apr 15 2:00 + 1:36 M-Eur LST%s 1919 Apr 1 2:00 + 1:36 1:00 "LST DST" 1919 May 22 3:00 + 1:36 - LST 1926 May 11 + 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 8 + 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s + +# Liechtenstein +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:30:04 - LMT 1894 Jun + 1:00 - MET 1981 Mar 29 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Lithuania +# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 + 1:24 - LST 1917 # Kaunas + 1:36 - LST 1919 Oct 10 + 1:00 - MET 1920 Jul 12 + 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 + 1:00 - MET 1940 Aug 3 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug + 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s + +# Luxembourg +# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Lux 1904 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun + 1:00 Lux MET%s 1918 Nov 25 + 0:00 Lux WET%s 1929 Oct 6 2:00s + 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 May 14 3:00 + 1:00 M-Eur WET%s 1944 Sep 18 3:00 + 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Macedonia +# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Malta +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - +Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - +Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - +Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta + 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s + 1:00 Italy MET%s 1973 Mar 31 + 1:00 Malta MET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Moldova +# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s + +# Monaco +# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 + 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time + 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 1:00 France MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Netherlands +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Neth 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 AMT +# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman. +Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT +# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST +# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. +Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST +# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. +Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST +# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks. +Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST +# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. +Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 - +Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 " DST" +# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May + 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul + 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Norway +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Norway 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. +Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman. +Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4, +# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940. +Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 + 1:00 Norway MET%s 1940 Aug 10 23:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Norway MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s +# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo. +# +# From Whitman: +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT + +# Poland +# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar +# on 1582 Oct 15. Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. +Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - +# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. +Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - +Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. +Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - +Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 + 1:24 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Sep 16 3:00 + 2:00 Poland EET%s 1922 Jun + 1:00 Poland MET%s 1940 Jun 23 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct + 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00 + 1:00 W-Eur MET%s + +# Portugal +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Port 1911 only - May 24 0:00 0 - +Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. +Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. +Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. +Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. +Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. +Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. +Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. +Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. +Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. +# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. +Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - +Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 + -0:37 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time + 0:00 Port WET%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 + 1:00 - MET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 + 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + 0:00 W-Eur WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s +# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992): +# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone +# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s +# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores, +# so we'll just use Shanks for now. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada + -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time + -2:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 + -1:00 - ACT 1977 Mar 27 + -1:00 - ACT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + -1:00 W-Eur ACT%s +Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal + -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time + -1:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 + 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27 + 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + 0:00 W-Eur WET%s + +# Slovakia +Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava + +# Romania +# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on +# on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Romania 1931 only - Jul 24 0:00 0 - +Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - +Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct + 1:44 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT + 2:00 Romania EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s + +# Russia +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): +# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991, +# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>. +# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified) +# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little. +# The rest is from Shanks. +# +# From Shanks (1991): +# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar +# on 1918 Jan 14. Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18. +# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted +# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 + 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MS%s +Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar + 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 4:00 Russia KS%s +Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar + 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk +Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar + 6:00 Russia OS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 Russia OS%s +Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar + 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia NS%s +Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 + 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2 + 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar + 8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 7:00 1:00 ISD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 7:00 - ISK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 8:00 Russia IS%s +Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar + 9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 8:00 - YSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia YS%s +Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880 + 8:48 - LST 1924 May 2 + 9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar + 10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 9:00 1:00 VSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 9:00 - VSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 10:00 Russia VS%s +# MSK is taken; settle for GSK. +Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 10:00 - GSK 1957 Mar + 11:00 Russia GS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 1:00 GSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 10:00 - GSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia GS%s +# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. +Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar + 12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 1:00 PSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 11:00 - PSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia PS%s +Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar + 13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 13:00 Russia AS%s + +# Serbia +# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Slovenia +# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 + 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Spain +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Spain 1901 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - +# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. +Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - +Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. +Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. +Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - +Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. +Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. +Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - +Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. +Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Madrid 0:14:44 - LMT 1901 + 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30 + 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s +Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. + -1:00 - ACT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 + 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s + 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1980 Sep 28 0:00s + 0:00 W-Eur WET%s + +# Sweden +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 + 1:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT + 1:00 - MET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s + 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1916 Sep 30 23:00s + 1:00 - MET 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Switzerland +# From Howse (1988), p 82: +# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace +# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep +# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Swiss 1894 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 - +# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): +Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 " DST" +# From Shanks (1991): +Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 " DST" +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 + 0:30 - SST 1894 Jun # Swiss Standard Time + 1:00 Swiss MET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00 + 1:00 M-Eur MET%s + +# Turkey +# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908. +# Asian Turkey switched in 1914. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Turkey 1910 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. +Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman. +Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. +Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 + 1:57 - OMT 1910 Oct # Ottoman Mean Time + 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1978 Oct 15 + 3:00 Turkey TUR%s 1985 Apr 20 + 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986 + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s +Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. + +# Ukraine +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 + 2:02 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:02 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2 + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17 + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s +Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 + 2:08 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:08 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2 + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): +# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched +# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections. +# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27. + 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MS%s + +############################################################################### + +# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from +# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. +# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. +# +# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but +# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. +# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at +# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey +# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time +# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) + +# ... +# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 +# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) +# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> +# ... +# +# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when +# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only +# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according +# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on +# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following +# years... +# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions +# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST +# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep +# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. +# +# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the +# Soviet Union (as far as I know). +# +# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, +# 4002 Basle, Switzerland +# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho + +# ... +# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 +# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) +# ... +# +# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. +# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information +# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. +# +# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on +# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... +# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that +# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 +# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in +# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch +# dates... +# +# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. +# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... +# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not +# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations +# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always +# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the +# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours +# in advance of normal time. +# +# ... +# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland +# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl +# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax + +# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): +# ... +# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). +# Since 1978. Change at midnight. +# ... +# Monaco: has same DST as France. +# ... + +# ... +# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST +# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> +# ... +# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC +# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and +# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will +# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March +# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK +# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October. +# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994, +# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't +# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath. +# +# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't +# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start +# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981. diff --git a/time/northamerica b/time/northamerica new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fb4557646f --- /dev/null +++ b/time/northamerica @@ -0,0 +1,902 @@ +# @(#)northamerica 7.10 +# also includes Central America and the Caribbean + +# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). + +############################################################################### + +# United States + +# From Arthur David Olson: +# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974. +# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, October 26, 1974 +# and Sunday, October 27, 1974 editions of the Washington Post. + +# From seismo!munnari!kre: +# I recall also being told by someone once that Canada didn't have +# the DST variations in 74/75 that the US did, but I am not nearly +# sure enough of this to add anything. + +# From Arthur David Olson: +# The above has been confirmed by Bob Devine; we'll go with it here. + +# From Arthur David Olson: +# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of +# Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War +Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S +Rule US 1967 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D + +# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): +# ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967. +# old new +# Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same- +# Yukon Standard Time(YST) -same- +# Central Alaska S.T. (CAT) Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST) +# Nome Standard Time (NT) Bering Standard Time (BST) +# +# ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz. +# The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part +# of the Aleutian islands. No DST. + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): +# USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON +# USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 +# USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON +# USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 +# USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER +# USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 +# USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO +# USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 +# USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST) +# USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT) +# USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W +# USA - " - 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 +# USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC +# USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY + +# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989): +# The above dates are for 1988. +# Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's +# no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the +# Aleutians. + +# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988): +# Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and +# Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names +# up to April 1, 1967 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 +# took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261: +# (none) +# United States standard eastern time +# United States standard mountain time +# United States standard central time +# United States standard Pacific time +# (none) +# United States standard Alaska time +# (none) +# Next, names from April 1, 1967 until November 30, 1983 (the date for +# public law 98-181): +# Atlantic standard time +# eastern standard time +# central standard time +# mountain standard time +# Pacific standard time +# Yukon standard time +# Alaska-Hawaii standard time +# Bering standard time +# And after November 30, 1983: +# Atlantic standard time +# eastern standard time +# central standard time +# mountain standard time +# Pacific standard time +# Alaska standard time +# Hawaii-Aleutian standard time +# Samoa standard time +# The law doesn't give abbreviations. + +# Easy stuff first--including Alaska, where we ignore history (since we +# can't tell if we should give Yukon time or Alaska-Hawaii time for "old" +# times). + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/New_York -5:00 US E%sT +Zone America/Chicago -6:00 US C%sT +Zone America/Denver -7:00 US M%sT +Zone America/Los_Angeles -8:00 US P%sT +Zone America/Anchorage -9:00 US AK%sT + # AK%sT is the abbreviation per USNO + +# Mainland US areas that are always Standard as of 1986. + +Zone America/Fort_Wayne -5:00 US E%sT 1946 + -5:00 - EST # Always EST as of 1986 +# From Arthur David Olson (October 28, 1991): +# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, October 27, 1991 Washington Post +# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of +# October 27, 1991. +Zone America/Knox_IN -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00 + -5:00 - EST # Always EST as of 1991 +Zone America/Phoenix -7:00 US M%sT 1946 + -7:00 - MST # Always MST as of 1986 + +# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988): +# However. . .a writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc., +# notes in private correspondence dated 12/28/87 that "Presently, only the +# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its +# large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other +# tribal nations don't use DST.) + +Link America/Denver Navajo + +# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): +# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973. + +Zone America/Detroit -5:00 US E%sT 1968 + -5:00 - EST 1973 + -5:00 US E%sT + +# Samoa just changes names. No DST, per Naval Observatory. + +Zone Pacific/Samoa -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 + -11:30 - SST 1950 + -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome + -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering + -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa + +Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 + -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome + -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering + -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa + +# Aleutian has a name change. DST, per Naval Observatory. + +Zone America/Atka -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30 + -10:00 US HA%sT + +# From Arthur David Olson: +# And then there's Hawaii. +# DST was observed for one day in 1933; +# Standard time was change by half an hour in 1947; +# it's always standard as of 1986. + +Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:30 US H%sT 1933 Apr 30 2:00 + -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 1 2:00 + -10:30 US H%sT 1947 Jun 8 2:00 + -10:00 - HST + +# Navassa +# no information; probably like US/Eastern + + +# Old names, for S5 users + +# Link LINK-FROM LINK-TO +Link America/New_York EST5EDT +Link America/Chicago CST6CDT +Link America/Denver MST7MDT +Link America/Los_Angeles PST8PDT +Link America/Fort_Wayne EST +Link America/Phoenix MST +Link Pacific/Honolulu HST + +################################################################################ + + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is +# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). +# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. +# +# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which +# I found in the UCLA library. +# +# I invented the abbreviation SPST for St Pierre Standard Time; SPDT likewise. +# Corrections are welcome! +# +# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions. + + + +# Canada + +# Canada is reportedly lots easier than the US--leastways since 1951. +# I don't know what they did before then. +# 4.3BSD claims that it's perfectly regular. +# According to a posting in "comp.bugs.misc", "comp.unix.wizards", etc. +# on February 8, 1987, by Dave Sherman of the Law Society of Upper Canada, +# "...Canada (well, Ontario and at least some of the other provinces) are +# adopting the new daylight savings time rules...". We assume all of +# Canada is doing so. + +# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): +# All of Canada did have DST from your first rule except Saskatchewan. +# Which parts did not observe DST is hard to pinpoint but most of the +# province follows the rules. +# NOTE: those that didn't have DST for that rule, also +# probably did not have it for several years previous. + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): +# CANADA NEW FDL 3.5H BEHIND UTC ST.JOHN'S +# CANADA NEW FDL 1.5H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29 +# CANADA ATLANTIC 4 H BEHIND UTC HALIFAX +# CANADA ATLANTIC 3 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29 +# CANADA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC TORONTO, MONTREAL, OTTAWA +# CANADA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29 +# CANADA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC REGINA, WINNIPEG +# CANADA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29 +# CANADA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC CALGARY, EDMONTON +# CANADA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29 +# CANADA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC VANCOUVER +# CANADA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 29 +# CANADA YUKON SAME AS PACIFIC DAWSON + +# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989): +# April 3 fell on a Sunday in 1988; October 29 fell on a Sunday in 1989. Ahem. +# Note claim that there's double DST in Newfoundland and that Yukon should +# be same as Pacific. + +# From W. Jones (jones@skdad.usask.ca) (November 6, 1992): +# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the +# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department. +# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and +# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother. +# +# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years +# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated +# their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial +# referendum favoured legislating common time practices. +# +# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of +# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern +# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in +# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to +# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and +# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would +# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST. +# +# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town +# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to +# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only +# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT +# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round +# since sometime in the 1960s. +# +# Here's how I would summarize things. Establish a "Saskatchewan" CST +# time zone, and note that it officially exists as of 15 April 1966. Any +# current exceptions can put themselves in the "Mountain" zone, since +# those are the rules they follow. Any past exceptions can be forgotten, +# since that's what those who live here have done. + +# From Arthur David Olson (November 21, 1992): +# East-Saskatchewan kept to avoid problems for folks using that zone by name; +# plain Saskatchewan added. + + +# From Shanks (1991): +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule StJohns 1884 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule StJohns 1917 1918 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S +Rule StJohns 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S +# Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks. +Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S +# For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks. +Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S +# For 1936-1941 Shanks gives May Mon>=9 and Oct Mon>=2; go with Whitman. +Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +# Shanks gives 1942 May 11 - 1945 Sep 30; go with Whitman. +Rule StJohns 1942 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1942 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 S +Rule StJohns 1943 only - May 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1943 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S +Rule StJohns 1944 only - Jul 10 0:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1944 only - Sep 2 0:00 0 S +Rule StJohns 1945 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S +# For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives +# Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks. +Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S +Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule StJohns 1960 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 2:00 D +Rule StJohns 1989 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884 + -3:31 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30 + -3:30 StJohns N%sT + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Halifax 1902 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1945 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1946 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1962 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1962 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Halifax 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15 + -4:00 Halifax A%sT + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Mont 1884 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1920 only - Oct 3 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1921 only - Oct 2 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1922 only - Oct 1 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S +Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1927 1932 - Sep Sun>=25 0:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1928 1931 - Apr Sun>=25 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1933 1940 - Apr Sun>=24 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1933 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1934 1939 - Sep Sun>=24 0:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1957 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mont 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884 + -5:00 Mont E%sT + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Winn 1887 only - Jul 16 0:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1947 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1948 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1948 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1966 max - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Winn 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16 + -6:00 Winn C%sT + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Regina 1905 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S +Rule Regina 1947 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1947 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep + -7:00 Regina M%sT 1966 Apr 15 + -6:00 - CST + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Edm 1906 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1972 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Edm 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep + -7:00 Edm M%sT + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Vanc 1884 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S +Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S +Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S +Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Vanc 1962 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Vanc 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884 + -8:00 Vanc P%sT + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Yukon 1900 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Yukon 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Yukon 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S +Rule Yukon 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Yukon 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Yukon 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Yukon 1965 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Yukon 1965 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S +Rule Yukon 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Yukon 1980 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Yukon 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 + -9:00 Yukon Y%sT 1966 Jul + -8:00 Yukon P%sT +# Parts of Yukon (e.g. Dawson) didn't switch to -8:00 until 1973 Oct 28. + +############################################################################### + +# Mexico + +# From Guy Harris: +# Rules are from the Official Airline Guide, Worldwide Edition, for 1987. +# Rules prior to 1987 are unknown. +# The comments in the OAG say "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and Tijuana +# observe DST." This is presumably Baja California Norte, above 28th parallel, +# as listed there; Mexico/BajaSur is for "Baja California Sur and N. Pacific +# Coast (States of Sinaloa and Sonora)." + +# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): +# The Federal District (where Mexico City is) has observed [DST] several +# times but not recently. +# +# I don't where to drawn the line in the North Baja area. 28th latitude +# sounds good -- but it may be higher (how far [d]o radio stations from +# San Diego affect culture?). +# +# The dates of DST probably go back to 1981. The rules are the same as +# US's. This is going to be a headache for US presidential electi[o]n years! + +# From Arthur David Olson (February 13, 1988) +# Since the 1981 starting date is only "probable," we'll keep the 1987 +# starting date below. + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): +# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR AND +# MEXICO BAJA CAL N N. PACIFIC COAST (STATES +# MEXICO BAJA CAL N OF SINALOA AND SONORA) +# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 8 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLAL APR 3 +# MEXICO BAJA CAL N - OCT 29 +# MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLAL APR 3 +# MEXICO BAJA CAL N - 0CT 29 +# MEXICO 6 H BEHIND UTC STATES OF DURANGO, +# MEXICO COAHUILA, NUEVO LEON, +# MEXICO TAMAULIPAS +# MEXICO 5 H BEHIND UTC STATES OF DURANGO, +# MEXICO COAHUILA, NUEVO LEON, +# MEXICO TAMAULIPAS APR 3 - OCT 29 +# MEXICO 6 H BEHIND UTC GENERAL MEXICO, STATES OF +# MEXICO CAMPECHE, QUINTANA ROO AND +# MEXICO YUCATAN + +# From Arthur David Olson (January 21, 1989): +# April 3 fell on a Sunday in 1988; October 29 fell on a Sunday in 1989. Ahem. +# USNO claims there should be four Mexican zones rather than three: +# a zone that's GMT-8 with DST; a zone that's always GMT-7; +# a zone that's GMT-6 with DST; and a zone that's always GMT-6. + +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# Shanks also says there are four zones, but disagrees about the fourth. +# Instead of GMT-6 with DST, he says there's GMT-8 without DST. + +# From Shanks (1991): +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Mexico 1922 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S +Rule BajaN 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule BajaN 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule BajaN 1961 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24 + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct + -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT +Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20 + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct + -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr + -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 - PST 1970 + -7:00 - MST +Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56 + -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 + -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr + -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 BajaN P%sT 1967 Apr lastSun 2:00 + -8:00 US P%sT +Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32 + -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 + -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr + -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 - PST +# +# Revillagigedo Is +# no information + +############################################################################### + +# Anguilla +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -4:00 - AST + +# Antigua and Barbuda +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -5:00 - EST 1951 + -4:00 - AST + +# Bahamas +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Bahamas 1912 only - Mar 2 0:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1964 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1964 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Bahamas 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Nassau -5:09:24 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -5:00 Bahamas E%sT + +# Barbados +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Barb 1932 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S +Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S +Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Barbados -3:58:28 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown + -3:58 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time + -4:00 Barb A%sT + +# Belize +# Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Belize 1912 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD +Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S +Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S +Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr + -6:00 Belize C%sT + +# Bermuda +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:04 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton + -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00 + -4:00 Bahamas A%sT + +# Cayman Is +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown + -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time + -5:00 - EST + +# Clipperton +# no information + +# Costa Rica +# Shanks gives some very odd dates for 1991, and stops there. +# For now, we won't guess further. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule CR 1921 only - Jan 15 0:00 0 S +Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D +Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule CR 1991 only - Jan 19 0:00 1:00 D +Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S +# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose + -5:36 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time + -6:00 CR C%sT +# Coco +# no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica + +# Cuba + +# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): +# . . .DST is from 2nd Sunday in May to 2nd Sunday in October since 1981. +# Change at midnight. In 1979 & 1980, started at 3rd Sunday in March +# (I think). + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): +# CUBA 5 H BEHIND UTC +# CUBA 4 H BEHIND UTC MAR 20 - OCT 8 + +# From Shanks (1991): +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Cuba 1925 only - Jul 19 12:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1981 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S +Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1991 max - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890 + -5:30 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT + -5:00 Cuba C%sT + +# Dominica +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau + -4:00 - AST + +# Dominican Republic +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule DR 1933 only - Apr 1 12:00 0 S +Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S +Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD +Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 S +Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 S +Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890 + -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT + -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27 + -4:00 - AST + +# El Salvador +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Salv 1921 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S +# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so we'll use `El Salvador'. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador + -6:00 Salv C%sT + +# Grenada +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul + -4:00 - AST + +# Guadeloupe +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe a Pitre + -4:00 - AST + +# Guatemala +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Guat 1918 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 S +Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S +Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5 + -6:00 Guat C%sT + +# Haiti +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Haiti 1917 only - Jan 24 12:00 0 S +Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S +Rule Haiti 1988 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 1988 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890 + -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT + -5:00 Haiti E%sT + +# Honduras +# Shanks says 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr + -6:00 Salv C%sT + +# Jamaica + +# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): +# Follows US rules. + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989): +# JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC + +# From Shanks (1991): +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston + -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time + -5:00 - EST 1974 Jan 6 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT + +# Martinique +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France + -4:04 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT + -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6 + -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28 + -4:00 - AST + +# Montserrat +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Plymouth + -4:00 - AST + +# Nicaragua +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Nic 1975 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 S +Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890 + -5:45 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time + -6:00 - CST 1973 May + -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16 + -6:00 Nic C%sT + +# Panama +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890 + -5:20 - PMT 1908 Apr 22 # Panama Mean Time + -5:00 - EST + +# Puerto Rico +# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:28 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan + -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3 + -4:00 1:00 ADT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 + -4:00 - AST + +# St Kitts-Nevis +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre + -4:00 - AST + +# St Lucia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries + -4:04 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time + -4:00 - AST + +# St Pierre and Miquelon +# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre + -4:00 - AST 1980 May + -3:00 Mont SP%sT + +# St Vincent and the Grenadines +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown + -4:05 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time + -4:00 - AST + +# Turks and Caicos +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890 + -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time + -5:00 - EST 1979 Apr 29 2:00 + -5:00 US E%sT + +# Virgin Is (British and US) +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Virgin -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie + -4:00 - AST |