diff options
author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> | 1992-09-23 07:45:35 +0000 |
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committer | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> | 1992-09-23 07:45:35 +0000 |
commit | 7b1db1f08aea55687e2bfab180b5d49b49557613 (patch) | |
tree | 91c9df9e1d7d9a5197e907b4831bebd699aa0ed4 /manual/libc.texinfo | |
parent | f8cae2f7b26baed359cc5c9e139c6196ce85fd14 (diff) |
Fix the extended menu.
Diffstat (limited to 'manual/libc.texinfo')
-rw-r--r-- | manual/libc.texinfo | 222 |
1 files changed, 124 insertions, 98 deletions
diff --git a/manual/libc.texinfo b/manual/libc.texinfo index 6afe91cce6..4739b5dad7 100644 --- a/manual/libc.texinfo +++ b/manual/libc.texinfo @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ This is the reference manual for version 0.00 of the GNU C Library. facilities. * Signal Handling:: All about signals; how to send them, block them, and handle them. -* Processes Startup:: Writing the beginning and end of your program. +* Process Startup:: Writing the beginning and end of your program. * Child Processes:: How to create processes and run other programs. * Job Control:: All about process groups and sessions. * Users and Groups:: How users are identified and classified. @@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ This is the reference manual for version 0.00 of the GNU C Library. * System Information:: Getting information about the hardware and software configuration of the machine a program runs on. -* System Configuration Limits:: Parameters describing operating +* System Configuration:: Parameters describing operating system limits. Appendices * Language Features:: C language features provided by the library. -* Summary of Library Facilities:: A summary showing the syntax, header +* Library Summary:: A summary showing the syntax, header file, and derivation of each library feature. * Maintenance:: How to install and maintain the @@ -444,59 +444,80 @@ Pipes and FIFOs Sockets -* Socket Creation and Naming:: Functions for creating and - initializing sockets. -* Domains and Protocols:: How to specify the communications - protocol for a socket. -* Local Domain:: Details about the local (Unix) domain. -* Internet Domain:: Details about the Internet domain. -* Types of Sockets:: Different socket types have different - semantics for data transmission. -* Byte Stream Sockets:: Operations on sockets with connection - state. -* Datagram Socket Operations:: Operations on datagram sockets. -* Socket Options:: Miscellaneous low-level socket options. - -Socket Creation and Naming +* Socket Concepts:: Basic concepts you need to know about. +* Communication Styles:: Stream communication, datagrams, and others. +* Socket Addresses:: How socket names (``addresses'') work. +* File Namespace:: Details about the file namespace. +* Internet Namespace:: Details about the Internet namespace. +* Open/Close Sockets:: Creating sockets and destroying them. +* Connections:: Operations on sockets with connection state. +* Datagrams:: Operations on datagram sockets. +* Socket Options:: Miscellaneous low-level socket options. +* Networks Database:: Accessing the database of network names. + +Socket Addresses + +* Address Formats:: About @code{struct sockaddr}. +* Setting Address:: Binding an address to a socket. +* Reading Address:: Reading the address of a socket. + +Internet Domain + +* Internet Address Format:: How socket addresses are specified in the + Internet namespace. +* Host Addresses:: All about host addresses of internet host. +* Protocols Database:: Referring to protocols by name. +* Services Database:: Ports may have symbolic names. +* Byte Order:: Different hosts may use different byte + ordering conventions; you need to + canonicalize host address and port number. +* Inet Example:: Putting it all together. + +Host Addresses + +* Abstract Host Addresses:: What a host number consists of. +* Data type: Host Address Data Type. Data type for a host number. +* Functions: Host Address Functions. Functions to operate on them. +* Names: Host Names. Translating host names to host numbers. + +Open/Close Sockets * Creating a Socket:: How to open a socket. * Closing a Socket:: How to close a socket. -* Socket Naming:: You must associate a name with a socket - before it can receive data. * Socket Pairs:: These are created like pipes. -Internet Domain +Connections -* Protocols Database:: Selecting a communications protocol. -* Internet Socket Naming:: How socket names are specified in the Internet - domain. -* Internet Host Addresses:: Hosts are assigned addresses that are numbers. -* Hosts Database:: A host may also have a symbolic host name. -* Services Database:: Ports may also have symbolic names. -* Networks Database:: There is also a database for network names. -* Byte Order Conversion:: Different hosts may use different byte - ordering conventions; you need to canonicalize - host address and port numbers. -* Internet Socket Example:: Putting it all together. +* Connecting:: What the client program must do. +* Listening:: How a server program waits for requests. +* Accepting Connections:: What the server does when it gets a request. +* Who is Connected:: Getting the address of the + other side of a connection. +* Transferring Data:: How to send and receive data. +* Byte Stream Example:: An example program: a client for communicating + over a byte stream socket + in the Internet namespace. +* Server Example:: A corresponding server program. +* Out-of-Band Data:: This is an advanced feature. -Byte Stream Sockets +Transferring Data -* Establishing a Connection:: The socket must be connected before it - can transmit data. -* Transferring Data:: How to send and receive data. -* Byte Stream Socket Example:: An example program. -* Out-of-Band Data:: This is an advanced feature. +* Sending Data:: Sending data with @code{write}. +* Receiving Data:: Reading data with @code{read}. +* Socket Data Options:: Using @code{send} and @code{recv}. -Datagram Socket Operations +Datagrams -* Transmitting Datagrams:: Functions for sending and receiving messages - on a datagram socket. -* Datagram Socket Example:: An example program. +* Sending Datagrams:: Sending packets on a datagram socket. +* Receiving Datagrams:: Receiving packets on a datagram socket. +* Datagram Example:: An example program: packets sent over a + datagram stream in the file namespace. +* Example Receiver:: Another program, that receives those packets. Socket Options * Socket Option Functions:: The basic functions for setting and getting - socket options. + socket options. * Socket-Level Options:: Details of the options at the socket level. Low-Level Terminal Interface @@ -584,17 +605,10 @@ Calendar Time * Broken-down Time:: Facilities for manipulating local time. * Formatting Date and Time:: Converting times to strings. * TZ Variable:: How users specify the time zone. -* TZ Functions:: Functions to examine or specify the time zone. +* Time Zone Functions:: Functions to examine or specify the time zone. * Time Functions Example:: An example program showing use of some of the time functions. -Non-Local Exits - -* Intro to Non-Local Exits:: An overview of how and when to use - these facilities. -* Functions for Non-Local Exits:: Details of the interface. -* Non-Local Exits and Signals:: Portability issues. - Signal Handling * Concepts of Signals:: Introduction to the signal facilities. @@ -681,53 +695,54 @@ BSD Function to Establish a Handler * Blocking in BSD:: BSD Functions for Blocking Signals * Signal Stack:: Using a Separate Signal Stack -Processes +Process Startup and Termination -* Program Arguments:: Parsing the command-line arguments to - a program. +* Program Arguments:: Parsing your program's command-line arguments. * Environment Variables:: How to access parameters inherited from a parent process. * Program Termination:: How to cause a process to terminate and return status information to its parent. -* Creating New Processes:: Running other programs. Program Arguments -* Argument Syntax Conventions:: By convention, program - options are specified by a - leading hyphen. -* Parsing Program Arguments:: The @code{getopt} function. -* Example Using getopt:: An example of @code{getopt}. +* Argument Syntax:: By convention, options start with a hyphen. +* Parsing Options:: The @code{getopt} function. +* Example of Getopt:: An example of parsing options with @code{getopt}. +* Long Options:: GNU utilities should accept long-named options. + Here is how to do that. +* Long Option Example:: An example of using @code{getopt_long}. Environment Variables -* Environment Access:: How to get and set the values of - environment variables. -* Standard Environment Variables:: These environment variables have - standard interpretations. +* Environment Access:: How to get and set the values of + environment variables. +* Standard Environment:: These environment variables have + standard interpretations. Program Termination -* Normal Program Termination:: -* Exit Status:: Exit Status -* Cleanups on Exit:: Cleanups on Exit -* Aborting a Program:: -* Termination Internals:: Termination Internals +* Normal Termination:: If a program calls @code{exit}, a + process terminates normally. +* Exit Status:: The @code{exit status} provides information + about why the process terminated. +* Cleanups on Exit:: A process can run its own cleanup + functions upon normal termination. +* Aborting a Program:: The @code{abort} function causes + abnormal program termination. +* Termination Internals:: What happens when a process terminates. -Creating New Processes + +Child Processes * Running a Command:: The easy way to run another program. * Process Creation Concepts:: An overview of the hard way to do it. * Process Identification:: How to get the process ID of a process. * Creating a Process:: How to fork a child process. -* Executing a File:: How to get a process to execute another - program. -* Process Completion:: How to tell when a child process has - completed. +* Executing a File:: How to make a child execute another program. +* Process Completion:: How to tell when a child process has completed. * Process Completion Status:: How to interpret the status value - returned from a child process. -* BSD wait Functions:: More functions, for backward - compatibility. + returned from a child process. +* BSD wait Functions:: More functions, for backward compatibility. * Process Creation Example:: A complete example program. Job Control @@ -796,23 +811,32 @@ Group Database System Information -* Host Identification:: Determining the name of the - machine. -* Hardware/Software Type ID:: Determining the hardware type - of the machine and what - operating system it is - running. +* Host Identification:: Determining the name of the machine. +* Hardware/Software Type ID:: Determining the hardware type and + operating system type. System Configuration Limits -* File System Parameters:: Constants and functions that describe - various file system limits. - -* System Parameters:: Constants and functions that describe - various process-related limits. - -* String-Valued Parameters:: Constants and functions that describe - string-valued limits. +* General Limits:: Constants and functions that describe + various process-related limits that have + one uniform value for any given machine. +* System Options:: Optional POSIX features. +* Version Supported:: Version numbers of POSIX.1 and POSIX.2. +* Sysconf:: Getting specific configuration values + of general limits and system options. +* Minimums:: Minimum values for general limits. + +* Limits for Files:: Size limitations that pertain to individual files. + These can vary between file systems + or even from file to file. +* Options for Files:: Optional features that some files may support. +* File Minimums:: Minimum values for file limits. +* Pathconf:: Getting the limit values for a particular file. + +* Utility Limits:: Capacity limits of some POSIX.2 utility programs. +* Utility Minimums:: Minimum allowable values of those limits. + +* String Parameters:: Getting the default search path. Library Facilities that are Part of the C Language @@ -828,29 +852,31 @@ Variadic Functions * Why Variadic:: Reasons for making functions take variable arguments. * How Variadic:: How to define and call variadic functions. * Argument Macros:: Detailed specification of the macros - for accessing variable arguments. + for accessing variable arguments. * Variadic Example:: A complete example. How Variadic Functions are Defined and Used * Variadic Prototypes:: How to make a prototype for a function with variable arguments. -* Receiving Argument Values:: Steps you must follow to access the +* Receiving Arguments:: Steps you must follow to access the optional argument values. * How Many Arguments:: How to decide whether there are more arguments. -* Calling Variadic Functions:: Things you need to know about calling +* Calling Variadics:: Things you need to know about calling variable arguments functions. Data Type Measurements -* Integer Type Macros:: Parameters that measure the integer types. +* Width of Type:: How many bits does an integer type hold? +* Range of Type:: What are the largest and smallest values + that an integer type can hold? * Floating Type Macros:: Parameters that measure the floating point types. * Structure Measurement:: Getting measurements on structure types. Floating Type Macros * Floating Point Concepts:: Definitions of terminology. -* Floating-Point Parameters:: Floating-Point Parameters +* Floating Point Parameters:: Dimensions, limits of floating point types. * IEEE Floating Point:: How one common representation is described. Library Maintenance @@ -862,9 +888,9 @@ Library Maintenance you may have with the GNU C library. * Porting:: How to port the GNU C library to a new machine or operating system. -* Traditional C Compatibility:: Using the GNU C library with non-ANSI - C compilers. -* GNU C Library Contributors:: Contributors to the GNU C Library. +@c * Traditional C Compatibility:: Using the GNU C library with non-ANSI +@c C compilers. +* Contributors:: Contributors to the GNU C Library. Porting the GNU C Library |