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authorRichard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>1992-09-23 07:45:35 +0000
committerRichard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>1992-09-23 07:45:35 +0000
commit7b1db1f08aea55687e2bfab180b5d49b49557613 (patch)
tree91c9df9e1d7d9a5197e907b4831bebd699aa0ed4 /manual/libc.texinfo
parentf8cae2f7b26baed359cc5c9e139c6196ce85fd14 (diff)
Fix the extended menu.
Diffstat (limited to 'manual/libc.texinfo')
-rw-r--r--manual/libc.texinfo222
1 files changed, 124 insertions, 98 deletions
diff --git a/manual/libc.texinfo b/manual/libc.texinfo
index 6afe91cce6..4739b5dad7 100644
--- a/manual/libc.texinfo
+++ b/manual/libc.texinfo
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ This is the reference manual for version 0.00 of the GNU C Library.
facilities.
* Signal Handling:: All about signals; how to send them,
block them, and handle them.
-* Processes Startup:: Writing the beginning and end of your program.
+* Process Startup:: Writing the beginning and end of your program.
* Child Processes:: How to create processes and run other programs.
* Job Control:: All about process groups and sessions.
* Users and Groups:: How users are identified and classified.
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ This is the reference manual for version 0.00 of the GNU C Library.
* System Information:: Getting information about the
hardware and software configuration
of the machine a program runs on.
-* System Configuration Limits:: Parameters describing operating
+* System Configuration:: Parameters describing operating
system limits.
Appendices
* Language Features:: C language features provided by the library.
-* Summary of Library Facilities:: A summary showing the syntax, header
+* Library Summary:: A summary showing the syntax, header
file, and derivation of each library
feature.
* Maintenance:: How to install and maintain the
@@ -444,59 +444,80 @@ Pipes and FIFOs
Sockets
-* Socket Creation and Naming:: Functions for creating and
- initializing sockets.
-* Domains and Protocols:: How to specify the communications
- protocol for a socket.
-* Local Domain:: Details about the local (Unix) domain.
-* Internet Domain:: Details about the Internet domain.
-* Types of Sockets:: Different socket types have different
- semantics for data transmission.
-* Byte Stream Sockets:: Operations on sockets with connection
- state.
-* Datagram Socket Operations:: Operations on datagram sockets.
-* Socket Options:: Miscellaneous low-level socket options.
-
-Socket Creation and Naming
+* Socket Concepts:: Basic concepts you need to know about.
+* Communication Styles:: Stream communication, datagrams, and others.
+* Socket Addresses:: How socket names (``addresses'') work.
+* File Namespace:: Details about the file namespace.
+* Internet Namespace:: Details about the Internet namespace.
+* Open/Close Sockets:: Creating sockets and destroying them.
+* Connections:: Operations on sockets with connection state.
+* Datagrams:: Operations on datagram sockets.
+* Socket Options:: Miscellaneous low-level socket options.
+* Networks Database:: Accessing the database of network names.
+
+Socket Addresses
+
+* Address Formats:: About @code{struct sockaddr}.
+* Setting Address:: Binding an address to a socket.
+* Reading Address:: Reading the address of a socket.
+
+Internet Domain
+
+* Internet Address Format:: How socket addresses are specified in the
+ Internet namespace.
+* Host Addresses:: All about host addresses of internet host.
+* Protocols Database:: Referring to protocols by name.
+* Services Database:: Ports may have symbolic names.
+* Byte Order:: Different hosts may use different byte
+ ordering conventions; you need to
+ canonicalize host address and port number.
+* Inet Example:: Putting it all together.
+
+Host Addresses
+
+* Abstract Host Addresses:: What a host number consists of.
+* Data type: Host Address Data Type. Data type for a host number.
+* Functions: Host Address Functions. Functions to operate on them.
+* Names: Host Names. Translating host names to host numbers.
+
+Open/Close Sockets
* Creating a Socket:: How to open a socket.
* Closing a Socket:: How to close a socket.
-* Socket Naming:: You must associate a name with a socket
- before it can receive data.
* Socket Pairs:: These are created like pipes.
-Internet Domain
+Connections
-* Protocols Database:: Selecting a communications protocol.
-* Internet Socket Naming:: How socket names are specified in the Internet
- domain.
-* Internet Host Addresses:: Hosts are assigned addresses that are numbers.
-* Hosts Database:: A host may also have a symbolic host name.
-* Services Database:: Ports may also have symbolic names.
-* Networks Database:: There is also a database for network names.
-* Byte Order Conversion:: Different hosts may use different byte
- ordering conventions; you need to canonicalize
- host address and port numbers.
-* Internet Socket Example:: Putting it all together.
+* Connecting:: What the client program must do.
+* Listening:: How a server program waits for requests.
+* Accepting Connections:: What the server does when it gets a request.
+* Who is Connected:: Getting the address of the
+ other side of a connection.
+* Transferring Data:: How to send and receive data.
+* Byte Stream Example:: An example program: a client for communicating
+ over a byte stream socket
+ in the Internet namespace.
+* Server Example:: A corresponding server program.
+* Out-of-Band Data:: This is an advanced feature.
-Byte Stream Sockets
+Transferring Data
-* Establishing a Connection:: The socket must be connected before it
- can transmit data.
-* Transferring Data:: How to send and receive data.
-* Byte Stream Socket Example:: An example program.
-* Out-of-Band Data:: This is an advanced feature.
+* Sending Data:: Sending data with @code{write}.
+* Receiving Data:: Reading data with @code{read}.
+* Socket Data Options:: Using @code{send} and @code{recv}.
-Datagram Socket Operations
+Datagrams
-* Transmitting Datagrams:: Functions for sending and receiving messages
- on a datagram socket.
-* Datagram Socket Example:: An example program.
+* Sending Datagrams:: Sending packets on a datagram socket.
+* Receiving Datagrams:: Receiving packets on a datagram socket.
+* Datagram Example:: An example program: packets sent over a
+ datagram stream in the file namespace.
+* Example Receiver:: Another program, that receives those packets.
Socket Options
* Socket Option Functions:: The basic functions for setting and getting
- socket options.
+ socket options.
* Socket-Level Options:: Details of the options at the socket level.
Low-Level Terminal Interface
@@ -584,17 +605,10 @@ Calendar Time
* Broken-down Time:: Facilities for manipulating local time.
* Formatting Date and Time:: Converting times to strings.
* TZ Variable:: How users specify the time zone.
-* TZ Functions:: Functions to examine or specify the time zone.
+* Time Zone Functions:: Functions to examine or specify the time zone.
* Time Functions Example:: An example program showing use of some of
the time functions.
-Non-Local Exits
-
-* Intro to Non-Local Exits:: An overview of how and when to use
- these facilities.
-* Functions for Non-Local Exits:: Details of the interface.
-* Non-Local Exits and Signals:: Portability issues.
-
Signal Handling
* Concepts of Signals:: Introduction to the signal facilities.
@@ -681,53 +695,54 @@ BSD Function to Establish a Handler
* Blocking in BSD:: BSD Functions for Blocking Signals
* Signal Stack:: Using a Separate Signal Stack
-Processes
+Process Startup and Termination
-* Program Arguments:: Parsing the command-line arguments to
- a program.
+* Program Arguments:: Parsing your program's command-line arguments.
* Environment Variables:: How to access parameters inherited from
a parent process.
* Program Termination:: How to cause a process to terminate and
return status information to its parent.
-* Creating New Processes:: Running other programs.
Program Arguments
-* Argument Syntax Conventions:: By convention, program
- options are specified by a
- leading hyphen.
-* Parsing Program Arguments:: The @code{getopt} function.
-* Example Using getopt:: An example of @code{getopt}.
+* Argument Syntax:: By convention, options start with a hyphen.
+* Parsing Options:: The @code{getopt} function.
+* Example of Getopt:: An example of parsing options with @code{getopt}.
+* Long Options:: GNU utilities should accept long-named options.
+ Here is how to do that.
+* Long Option Example:: An example of using @code{getopt_long}.
Environment Variables
-* Environment Access:: How to get and set the values of
- environment variables.
-* Standard Environment Variables:: These environment variables have
- standard interpretations.
+* Environment Access:: How to get and set the values of
+ environment variables.
+* Standard Environment:: These environment variables have
+ standard interpretations.
Program Termination
-* Normal Program Termination::
-* Exit Status:: Exit Status
-* Cleanups on Exit:: Cleanups on Exit
-* Aborting a Program::
-* Termination Internals:: Termination Internals
+* Normal Termination:: If a program calls @code{exit}, a
+ process terminates normally.
+* Exit Status:: The @code{exit status} provides information
+ about why the process terminated.
+* Cleanups on Exit:: A process can run its own cleanup
+ functions upon normal termination.
+* Aborting a Program:: The @code{abort} function causes
+ abnormal program termination.
+* Termination Internals:: What happens when a process terminates.
-Creating New Processes
+
+Child Processes
* Running a Command:: The easy way to run another program.
* Process Creation Concepts:: An overview of the hard way to do it.
* Process Identification:: How to get the process ID of a process.
* Creating a Process:: How to fork a child process.
-* Executing a File:: How to get a process to execute another
- program.
-* Process Completion:: How to tell when a child process has
- completed.
+* Executing a File:: How to make a child execute another program.
+* Process Completion:: How to tell when a child process has completed.
* Process Completion Status:: How to interpret the status value
- returned from a child process.
-* BSD wait Functions:: More functions, for backward
- compatibility.
+ returned from a child process.
+* BSD wait Functions:: More functions, for backward compatibility.
* Process Creation Example:: A complete example program.
Job Control
@@ -796,23 +811,32 @@ Group Database
System Information
-* Host Identification:: Determining the name of the
- machine.
-* Hardware/Software Type ID:: Determining the hardware type
- of the machine and what
- operating system it is
- running.
+* Host Identification:: Determining the name of the machine.
+* Hardware/Software Type ID:: Determining the hardware type and
+ operating system type.
System Configuration Limits
-* File System Parameters:: Constants and functions that describe
- various file system limits.
-
-* System Parameters:: Constants and functions that describe
- various process-related limits.
-
-* String-Valued Parameters:: Constants and functions that describe
- string-valued limits.
+* General Limits:: Constants and functions that describe
+ various process-related limits that have
+ one uniform value for any given machine.
+* System Options:: Optional POSIX features.
+* Version Supported:: Version numbers of POSIX.1 and POSIX.2.
+* Sysconf:: Getting specific configuration values
+ of general limits and system options.
+* Minimums:: Minimum values for general limits.
+
+* Limits for Files:: Size limitations that pertain to individual files.
+ These can vary between file systems
+ or even from file to file.
+* Options for Files:: Optional features that some files may support.
+* File Minimums:: Minimum values for file limits.
+* Pathconf:: Getting the limit values for a particular file.
+
+* Utility Limits:: Capacity limits of some POSIX.2 utility programs.
+* Utility Minimums:: Minimum allowable values of those limits.
+
+* String Parameters:: Getting the default search path.
Library Facilities that are Part of the C Language
@@ -828,29 +852,31 @@ Variadic Functions
* Why Variadic:: Reasons for making functions take variable arguments.
* How Variadic:: How to define and call variadic functions.
* Argument Macros:: Detailed specification of the macros
- for accessing variable arguments.
+ for accessing variable arguments.
* Variadic Example:: A complete example.
How Variadic Functions are Defined and Used
* Variadic Prototypes:: How to make a prototype for a function
with variable arguments.
-* Receiving Argument Values:: Steps you must follow to access the
+* Receiving Arguments:: Steps you must follow to access the
optional argument values.
* How Many Arguments:: How to decide whether there are more arguments.
-* Calling Variadic Functions:: Things you need to know about calling
+* Calling Variadics:: Things you need to know about calling
variable arguments functions.
Data Type Measurements
-* Integer Type Macros:: Parameters that measure the integer types.
+* Width of Type:: How many bits does an integer type hold?
+* Range of Type:: What are the largest and smallest values
+ that an integer type can hold?
* Floating Type Macros:: Parameters that measure the floating point types.
* Structure Measurement:: Getting measurements on structure types.
Floating Type Macros
* Floating Point Concepts:: Definitions of terminology.
-* Floating-Point Parameters:: Floating-Point Parameters
+* Floating Point Parameters:: Dimensions, limits of floating point types.
* IEEE Floating Point:: How one common representation is described.
Library Maintenance
@@ -862,9 +888,9 @@ Library Maintenance
you may have with the GNU C library.
* Porting:: How to port the GNU C library to
a new machine or operating system.
-* Traditional C Compatibility:: Using the GNU C library with non-ANSI
- C compilers.
-* GNU C Library Contributors:: Contributors to the GNU C Library.
+@c * Traditional C Compatibility:: Using the GNU C library with non-ANSI
+@c C compilers.
+* Contributors:: Contributors to the GNU C Library.
Porting the GNU C Library