fuse-2.4 examples added.

9 files changed, 1134 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/example-24/.cvsignore b/example-24/.cvsignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80eb82bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-24/.cvsignore
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Makefile.in
+Makefile
+.deps
+fusexmp
+fusexmp_fh
+null
+hello
+.libs
diff --git a/example-24/Makefile.am b/example-24/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d62e9d07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-24/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+## Process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in
+
+noinst_PROGRAMS = fusexmp fusexmp_fh null hello hello_ll
+
+fusexmp_SOURCES = fusexmp.c
+fusexmp_fh_SOURCES = fusexmp_fh.c
+null_SOURCES = null.c
+hello_SOURCES = hello.c
+
+LDADD = ../lib/libfuse.la -lpthread
diff --git a/example-24/fusexmp.c b/example-24/fusexmp.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efc64e635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-24/fusexmp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+/*
+    FUSE: Filesystem in Userspace
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2005  Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+
+    This program can be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL.
+    See the file COPYING.
+*/
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#ifdef linux
+/* For pread()/pwrite() */
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
+#endif
+
+#include <fuse.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/statfs.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SETXATTR
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+#endif
+
+static int xmp_getattr(const char *path, struct stat *stbuf)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = lstat(path, stbuf);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_readlink(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = readlink(path, buf, size - 1);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    buf[res] = '\0';
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int xmp_readdir(const char *path, void *buf, fuse_fill_dir_t filler,
+                       off_t offset, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    DIR *dp;
+    struct dirent *de;
+
+    (void) offset;
+    (void) fi;
+
+    dp = opendir(path);
+    if(dp == NULL)
+        return -errno;
+
+    while((de = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
+        struct stat st;
+        memset(&st, 0, sizeof(st));
+        st.st_ino = de->d_ino;
+        st.st_mode = de->d_type << 12;
+        if (filler(buf, de->d_name, &st, 0))
+            break;
+    }
+
+    closedir(dp);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_mknod(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t rdev)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    /* On the Hurd we must not use mknod() to create files, but creat() */
+    if(mode & S_IFREG)
+      res = creat(path, mode & ALLPERMS);
+    else
+      res = mknod(path, mode, rdev);
+
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = mkdir(path, mode);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_unlink(const char *path)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = unlink(path);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_rmdir(const char *path)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = rmdir(path);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_symlink(const char *from, const char *to)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = symlink(from, to);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_rename(const char *from, const char *to)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = rename(from, to);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_link(const char *from, const char *to)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = link(from, to);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_chmod(const char *path, mode_t mode)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = chmod(path, mode);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_chown(const char *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = lchown(path, uid, gid);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_truncate(const char *path, off_t size)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = truncate(path, size);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_utime(const char *path, struct utimbuf *buf)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = utime(path, buf);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int xmp_open(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = open(path, fi->flags);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    close(res);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_read(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
+                    struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    int fd;
+    int res;
+
+    (void) fi;
+    fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+    if(fd == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    res = pread(fd, buf, size, offset);
+    if(res == -1)
+        res = -errno;
+
+    close(fd);
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int xmp_write(const char *path, const char *buf, size_t size,
+                     off_t offset, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    int fd;
+    int res;
+
+    (void) fi;
+    fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);
+    if(fd == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    res = pwrite(fd, buf, size, offset);
+    if(res == -1)
+        res = -errno;
+
+    close(fd);
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int xmp_statfs(const char *path, struct statfs *stbuf)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = statfs(path, stbuf);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_release(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    /* Just a stub.  This method is optional and can safely be left
+       unimplemented */
+
+    (void) path;
+    (void) fi;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_fsync(const char *path, int isdatasync,
+                     struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    /* Just a stub.  This method is optional and can safely be left
+       unimplemented */
+
+    (void) path;
+    (void) isdatasync;
+    (void) fi;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SETXATTR
+/* xattr operations are optional and can safely be left unimplemented */
+static int xmp_setxattr(const char *path, const char *name, const char *value,
+                        size_t size, int flags)
+{
+    int res = lsetxattr(path, name, value, size, flags);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_getxattr(const char *path, const char *name, char *value,
+                    size_t size)
+{
+    int res = lgetxattr(path, name, value, size);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int xmp_listxattr(const char *path, char *list, size_t size)
+{
+    int res = llistxattr(path, list, size);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int xmp_removexattr(const char *path, const char *name)
+{
+    int res = lremovexattr(path, name);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_SETXATTR */
+
+static struct fuse_operations xmp_oper = {
+    .getattr	= xmp_getattr,
+    .readlink	= xmp_readlink,
+    .readdir	= xmp_readdir,
+    .mknod	= xmp_mknod,
+    .mkdir	= xmp_mkdir,
+    .symlink	= xmp_symlink,
+    .unlink	= xmp_unlink,
+    .rmdir	= xmp_rmdir,
+    .rename	= xmp_rename,
+    .link	= xmp_link,
+    .chmod	= xmp_chmod,
+    .chown	= xmp_chown,
+    .truncate	= xmp_truncate,
+    .utime	= xmp_utime,
+    .open	= xmp_open,
+    .read	= xmp_read,
+    .write	= xmp_write,
+    .statfs	= xmp_statfs,
+    .release	= xmp_release,
+    .fsync	= xmp_fsync,
+#ifdef HAVE_SETXATTR
+    .setxattr	= xmp_setxattr,
+    .getxattr	= xmp_getxattr,
+    .listxattr	= xmp_listxattr,
+    .removexattr= xmp_removexattr,
+#endif
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    umask(0);
+    return fuse_main(argc, argv, &xmp_oper);
+}
diff --git a/example-24/fusexmp.c.patch b/example-24/fusexmp.c.patch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d0054b1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-24/fusexmp.c.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+--- fusexmp.c.orig	2005-12-02 01:47:51.000000000 +0100
++++ fusexmp.c	2005-12-02 01:51:26.000000000 +0100
+@@ -79,7 +79,12 @@
+ {
+     int res;
+ 
+-    res = mknod(path, mode, rdev);
++    /* On the Hurd we must not use mknod() to create files, but creat() */
++    if(mode & S_IFREG)
++      res = creat(path, mode & ALLPERMS);
++    else
++      res = mknod(path, mode, rdev);
++
+     if(res == -1)
+         return -errno;
+ 
diff --git a/example-24/fusexmp_fh.c b/example-24/fusexmp_fh.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9755f66f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-24/fusexmp_fh.c
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+/*
+    FUSE: Filesystem in Userspace
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2005  Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+
+    This program can be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL.
+    See the file COPYING.
+*/
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <fuse.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/statfs.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SETXATTR
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+#endif
+
+static int xmp_getattr(const char *path, struct stat *stbuf)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = lstat(path, stbuf);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_readlink(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = readlink(path, buf, size - 1);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    buf[res] = '\0';
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_opendir(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    DIR *dp = opendir(path);
+    if (dp == NULL)
+        return -errno;
+
+    fi->fh = (unsigned long) dp;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_readdir(const char *path, void *buf, fuse_fill_dir_t filler,
+                       off_t offset, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    DIR *dp = (DIR *) fi->fh;
+    struct dirent *de;
+
+    (void) path;
+    seekdir(dp, offset);
+    while ((de = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
+        struct stat st;
+        memset(&st, 0, sizeof(st));
+        st.st_ino = de->d_ino;
+        st.st_mode = de->d_type << 12;
+        if (filler(buf, de->d_name, &st, telldir(dp)))
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_releasedir(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    DIR *dp = (DIR *) fi->fh;
+    (void) path;
+    closedir(dp);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_mknod(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t rdev)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    /* On the Hurd we must not use mknod() to create files, but creat() */
+    if(mode & S_IFREG)
+      res = creat(path, mode & ALLPERMS);
+    else
+      res = mknod(path, mode, rdev);
+
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = mkdir(path, mode);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_unlink(const char *path)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = unlink(path);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_rmdir(const char *path)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = rmdir(path);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_symlink(const char *from, const char *to)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = symlink(from, to);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_rename(const char *from, const char *to)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = rename(from, to);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_link(const char *from, const char *to)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = link(from, to);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_chmod(const char *path, mode_t mode)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = chmod(path, mode);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_chown(const char *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = lchown(path, uid, gid);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_truncate(const char *path, off_t size)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = truncate(path, size);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_utime(const char *path, struct utimbuf *buf)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = utime(path, buf);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int xmp_open(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    int fd;
+
+    fd = open(path, fi->flags);
+    if(fd == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    fi->fh = fd;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_read(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
+                    struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    (void) path;
+    res = pread(fi->fh, buf, size, offset);
+    if(res == -1)
+        res = -errno;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int xmp_write(const char *path, const char *buf, size_t size,
+                     off_t offset, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    (void) path;
+    res = pwrite(fi->fh, buf, size, offset);
+    if(res == -1)
+        res = -errno;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int xmp_statfs(const char *path, struct statfs *stbuf)
+{
+    int res;
+
+    res = statfs(path, stbuf);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_release(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    (void) path;
+    close(fi->fh);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_fsync(const char *path, int isdatasync,
+                     struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    int res;
+    (void) path;
+
+    if (isdatasync)
+        res = fdatasync(fi->fh);
+    else
+        res = fsync(fi->fh);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SETXATTR
+/* xattr operations are optional and can safely be left unimplemented */
+static int xmp_setxattr(const char *path, const char *name, const char *value,
+                        size_t size, int flags)
+{
+    int res = lsetxattr(path, name, value, size, flags);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int xmp_getxattr(const char *path, const char *name, char *value,
+                    size_t size)
+{
+    int res = lgetxattr(path, name, value, size);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int xmp_listxattr(const char *path, char *list, size_t size)
+{
+    int res = llistxattr(path, list, size);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int xmp_removexattr(const char *path, const char *name)
+{
+    int res = lremovexattr(path, name);
+    if(res == -1)
+        return -errno;
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_SETXATTR */
+
+static struct fuse_operations xmp_oper = {
+    .getattr	= xmp_getattr,
+    .readlink	= xmp_readlink,
+    .opendir	= xmp_opendir,
+    .readdir	= xmp_readdir,
+    .releasedir	= xmp_releasedir,
+    .mknod	= xmp_mknod,
+    .mkdir	= xmp_mkdir,
+    .symlink	= xmp_symlink,
+    .unlink	= xmp_unlink,
+    .rmdir	= xmp_rmdir,
+    .rename	= xmp_rename,
+    .link	= xmp_link,
+    .chmod	= xmp_chmod,
+    .chown	= xmp_chown,
+    .truncate	= xmp_truncate,
+    .utime	= xmp_utime,
+    .open	= xmp_open,
+    .read	= xmp_read,
+    .write	= xmp_write,
+    .statfs	= xmp_statfs,
+    .release	= xmp_release,
+    .fsync	= xmp_fsync,
+#ifdef HAVE_SETXATTR
+    .setxattr	= xmp_setxattr,
+    .getxattr	= xmp_getxattr,
+    .listxattr	= xmp_listxattr,
+    .removexattr= xmp_removexattr,
+#endif
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    umask(0);
+    return fuse_main(argc, argv, &xmp_oper);
+}
diff --git a/example-24/fusexmp_fh.c.patch b/example-24/fusexmp_fh.c.patch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c45ece0c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-24/fusexmp_fh.c.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+--- fusexmp_fh.c.orig	2005-12-02 01:47:51.000000000 +0100
++++ fusexmp_fh.c	2005-12-02 01:58:16.000000000 +0100
+@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
+         memset(&st, 0, sizeof(st));
+         st.st_ino = de->d_ino;
+         st.st_mode = de->d_type << 12;
+-        if (filler(buf, de->d_name, &st, de->d_off))
++        if (filler(buf, de->d_name, &st, telldir(dp)))
+             break;
+     }
+ 
+@@ -90,7 +90,12 @@
+ {
+     int res;
+ 
+-    res = mknod(path, mode, rdev);
++    /* On the Hurd we must not use mknod() to create files, but creat() */
++    if(mode & S_IFREG)
++      res = creat(path, mode & ALLPERMS);
++    else
++      res = mknod(path, mode, rdev);
++
+     if(res == -1)
+         return -errno;
+ 
diff --git a/example-24/hello.c b/example-24/hello.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b71bcd645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-24/hello.c
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+    FUSE: Filesystem in Userspace
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2005  Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+
+    This program can be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL.
+    See the file COPYING.
+*/
+
+#include <fuse.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+static const char *hello_str = "Hello World!\n";
+static const char *hello_path = "/hello";
+
+static int hello_getattr(const char *path, struct stat *stbuf)
+{
+    int res = 0;
+
+    memset(stbuf, 0, sizeof(struct stat));
+    if(strcmp(path, "/") == 0) {
+        stbuf->st_mode = S_IFDIR | 0755;
+        stbuf->st_nlink = 2;
+    }
+    else if(strcmp(path, hello_path) == 0) {
+        stbuf->st_mode = S_IFREG | 0444;
+        stbuf->st_nlink = 1;
+        stbuf->st_size = strlen(hello_str);
+    }
+    else
+        res = -ENOENT;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int hello_readdir(const char *path, void *buf, fuse_fill_dir_t filler,
+                         off_t offset, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    (void) offset;
+    (void) fi;
+
+    if(strcmp(path, "/") != 0)
+        return -ENOENT;
+
+    filler(buf, ".", NULL, 0);
+    filler(buf, "..", NULL, 0);
+    filler(buf, hello_path + 1, NULL, 0);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int hello_open(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    if(strcmp(path, hello_path) != 0)
+        return -ENOENT;
+
+    if((fi->flags & 3) != O_RDONLY)
+        return -EACCES;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int hello_read(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
+                      struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    size_t len;
+    (void) fi;
+    if(strcmp(path, hello_path) != 0)
+        return -ENOENT;
+
+    len = strlen(hello_str);
+    if (offset < len) {
+        if (offset + size > len)
+            size = len - offset;
+        memcpy(buf, hello_str + offset, size);
+    } else
+        size = 0;
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+static struct fuse_operations hello_oper = {
+    .getattr	= hello_getattr,
+    .readdir	= hello_readdir,
+    .open	= hello_open,
+    .read	= hello_read,
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    return fuse_main(argc, argv, &hello_oper);
+}
diff --git a/example-24/hello_ll.c b/example-24/hello_ll.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d365771e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-24/hello_ll.c
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+    FUSE: Filesystem in Userspace
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2005  Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+
+    This program can be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL.
+    See the file COPYING.
+*/
+
+#include <fuse_lowlevel.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+static const char *hello_str = "Hello World!\n";
+static const char *hello_name = "hello";
+
+static int hello_stat(fuse_ino_t ino, struct stat *stbuf)
+{
+    stbuf->st_ino = ino;
+    switch (ino) {
+    case 1:
+        stbuf->st_mode = S_IFDIR | 0755;
+        stbuf->st_nlink = 2;
+        break;
+
+    case 2:
+        stbuf->st_mode = S_IFREG | 0444;
+        stbuf->st_nlink = 1;
+        stbuf->st_size = strlen(hello_str);
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void hello_ll_getattr(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino,
+                             struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    struct stat stbuf;
+
+    (void) fi;
+
+    memset(&stbuf, 0, sizeof(stbuf));
+    if (hello_stat(ino, &stbuf) == -1)
+        fuse_reply_err(req, ENOENT);
+    else
+        fuse_reply_attr(req, &stbuf, 1.0);
+}
+
+static void hello_ll_lookup(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t parent, const char *name)
+{
+    struct fuse_entry_param e;
+
+    if (parent != 1 || strcmp(name, hello_name) != 0)
+        fuse_reply_err(req, ENOENT);
+    else {
+        memset(&e, 0, sizeof(e));
+        e.ino = 2;
+        e.attr_timeout = 1.0;
+        e.entry_timeout = 1.0;
+        hello_stat(e.ino, &e.attr);
+
+        fuse_reply_entry(req, &e);
+    }
+}
+
+struct dirbuf {
+    char *p;
+    size_t size;
+};
+
+static void dirbuf_add(struct dirbuf *b, const char *name, fuse_ino_t ino)
+{
+    struct stat stbuf;
+    size_t oldsize = b->size;
+    b->size += fuse_dirent_size(strlen(name));
+    b->p = (char *) realloc(b->p, b->size);
+    memset(&stbuf, 0, sizeof(stbuf));
+    stbuf.st_ino = ino;
+    fuse_add_dirent(b->p + oldsize, name, &stbuf, b->size);
+}
+
+#define min(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
+
+static int reply_buf_limited(fuse_req_t req, const char *buf, size_t bufsize,
+                             off_t off, size_t maxsize)
+{
+    if (off < bufsize)
+        return fuse_reply_buf(req, buf + off, min(bufsize - off, maxsize));
+    else
+        return fuse_reply_buf(req, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+static void hello_ll_readdir(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, size_t size,
+                             off_t off, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    (void) fi;
+
+    if (ino != 1)
+        fuse_reply_err(req, ENOTDIR);
+    else {
+        struct dirbuf b;
+
+        memset(&b, 0, sizeof(b));
+        dirbuf_add(&b, ".", 1);
+        dirbuf_add(&b, "..", 1);
+        dirbuf_add(&b, hello_name, 2);
+        reply_buf_limited(req, b.p, b.size, off, size);
+        free(b.p);
+    }
+}
+
+static void hello_ll_open(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino,
+                         struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    if (ino != 2)
+        fuse_reply_err(req, EISDIR);
+    else if ((fi->flags & 3) != O_RDONLY)
+        fuse_reply_err(req, EACCES);
+    else
+        fuse_reply_open(req, fi);
+}
+
+static void hello_ll_read(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, size_t size,
+                         off_t off, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    (void) fi;
+
+    assert(ino == 2);
+    reply_buf_limited(req, hello_str, strlen(hello_str), off, size);
+}
+
+static struct fuse_lowlevel_ops hello_ll_oper = {
+    .lookup     = hello_ll_lookup,
+    .getattr	= hello_ll_getattr,
+    .readdir    = hello_ll_readdir,
+    .open       = hello_ll_open,
+    .read	= hello_ll_read,
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    const char *mountpoint;
+    int err = -1;
+    int fd;
+
+    if (argc != 2) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s mountpoint\n", argv[0]);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    mountpoint = argv[1];
+    fd = fuse_mount(mountpoint, NULL);
+    if (fd != -1) {
+        struct fuse_session *se;
+
+        se = fuse_lowlevel_new("debug", &hello_ll_oper, sizeof(hello_ll_oper),
+                               NULL);
+        if (se != NULL) {
+            struct fuse_chan *ch = fuse_kern_chan_new(fd);
+            if (ch != NULL) {
+                fuse_session_add_chan(se, ch);
+                err = fuse_session_loop(se);
+            }
+            fuse_session_destroy(se);
+        }
+        close(fd);
+    }
+    fuse_unmount(mountpoint);
+
+    return err ? 1 : 0;
+}
diff --git a/example-24/null.c b/example-24/null.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9539ab1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example-24/null.c
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+    FUSE: Filesystem in Userspace
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2005  Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+
+    This program can be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL.
+    See the file COPYING.
+*/
+
+#include <fuse.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+static int null_getattr(const char *path, struct stat *stbuf)
+{
+    if(strcmp(path, "/") != 0)
+        return -ENOENT;
+
+    stbuf->st_mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
+    stbuf->st_nlink = 1;
+    stbuf->st_uid = getuid();
+    stbuf->st_gid = getgid();
+    stbuf->st_size = (1ULL << 32); /* 4G */
+    stbuf->st_blocks = 0;
+    stbuf->st_atime = stbuf->st_mtime = stbuf->st_ctime = time(NULL);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int null_truncate(const char *path, off_t size)
+{
+    (void) size;
+
+    if(strcmp(path, "/") != 0)
+        return -ENOENT;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int null_open(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    (void) fi;
+
+    if(strcmp(path, "/") != 0)
+        return -ENOENT;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int null_read(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size,
+                     off_t offset, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    (void) buf;
+    (void) offset;
+    (void) fi;
+
+    if(strcmp(path, "/") != 0)
+        return -ENOENT;
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+static int null_write(const char *path, const char *buf, size_t size,
+                     off_t offset, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+    (void) buf;
+    (void) offset;
+    (void) fi;
+
+    if(strcmp(path, "/") != 0)
+        return -ENOENT;
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+static struct fuse_operations null_oper = {
+    .getattr	= null_getattr,
+    .truncate	= null_truncate,
+    .open	= null_open,
+    .read	= null_read,
+    .write	= null_write,
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    return fuse_main(argc, argv, &null_oper);
+}