# @(#)africa	7.17

# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).

# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
#
# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
# Oxford University Press (1980).
#
# I added so many Zone names that the old, mostly flat name space was unwieldy.
# So I renamed the Zones to have the form AREA/LOCATION, where
# AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and
# LOCATION is the name of a specific location within that region.
# For example, the old zone name `Egypt' is now `Africa/Cairo'.
#
# Here are the general rules I used for choosing location names,
# in decreasing order of importance:
#
#	Use only valid Posix file names.  Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.',
#		`-' and `_'.  Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'.
#		E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.
#	Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country.
#		One such location is enough.
#	If all the clocks in a country's region have agreed since 1970,
#		don't bother to include more than one location
#		even if subregions' clocks disagreed before 1970.
#		Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large.
#	If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
#		e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so
#		prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'.
#	Keep locations compact.  Use cities or small islands, not countries
#		or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
#		locations into different time zones.  E.g. prefer `Paris'
#		to `France', since France has had multiple time zones.
#	Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and
#		prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters).
#		The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule.
#	Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone,
#		e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'.  Among locations with
#		similar populations, pick the best-known location,
#		e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'.
#	Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'.
#	Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that
#		would lead to ambiguity.  E.g. prefer `Cayman' to
#		`Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City',
#		but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country
#		of Mexico has several time zones.
#	Use `_' to represent a space.
#	Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena'
#		to `St._Helena'.
#
# For time zone abbreviations like `EST' I used the following rules,
# in decreasing order of importance:
#
#	Use abbreviations that consist of 3 or more upper-case Ascii letters,
#		except use "___" for locations while uninhabited.
#		Posix.1 requires at least 3 characters, and the restriction to
#		upper-case Ascii letters follows most traditions.
#		Previous editions of this database also used characters like
#		' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to
#		the shell and cause commands like
#			set `date`
#		to have unexpected effects.  In theory, the character set could
#		be !%./@A-Z^_a-z{}, but these tables use only upper-case
#		Ascii letters (and "___").
#	Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers,
#		e.g. `EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America.
#		We assume that applications translate them to other languages
#		as part of the normal localization process; for example,
#		a French application might translate `EST' to `HNE'.
#	For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the
#		traditional xMT notation, e.g. `PMT' for Paris Mean Time.
#		The only name like this in current use is `GMT'.
#	If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English
#		translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers.
#		If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country
#		(e.g. ``Cape Verde Time''), then:
#
#		When a country has a single or principal time zone region,
#			append `T' to the country's ISO	code, e.g. `CVT' for
#			Cape Verde Time.  For summer time append `ST';
#			for double summer time append `DST'; etc.
#		When a country has multiple time zones, take the first three
#			letters of an English place name identifying each zone
#			and then append `T', `ST', etc. as before;
#			e.g. `MOSST' for MOScow Summer Time.
#
#
# For Africa I invented the following time zone abbreviations.
#		LMT	Local Mean Time
#	-1:00	AAT	Atlantic Africa Time (no longer used)
#	 0:00	WAT	West Africa Time
#	 1:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
#	 2:00	SAT	South Africa Time
#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
# The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'.
# BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after.


# Algeria
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun<=7	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
			1:00	-	CET

# Angola
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
			0:52:04	-	LMT	1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time?
			1:00	-	CAT

# Bassas da India
# uninhabited

# Benin
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
			0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
			1:00	-	CAT

# Botswana
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
			2:00	-	SAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
			2:00	-	SAT

# Burkina Faso
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Burundi
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
			2:00	-	SAT

# Cameroon
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT

# Cape Verde
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
			-1:00	-	CVT

# Central African Republic
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT

# Chad
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT	1979 Oct 14
			1:00	1:00	CAST	1980 Mar  8
			1:00	-	CAT

# Comoros
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
			3:00	-	EAT

# Congo
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT

# Cote D'Ivoire
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Djibouti
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
			3:00	-	EAT

###############################################################################

# Egypt

# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may
# also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the
# soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy).
# DST since 1960 except for 1981-82.

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# EGYPT               2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
# EGYPT               3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER
# EGYPT                                  RAMADAN)

# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1966	1990	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1990	only	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1991	1994	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1991	1994	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00	0	-

# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT

# Equatorial Guinea
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
			0:00	-	WAT	1963 Dec 15
			1:00	-	CAT

# Eritrea
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
			2:35:20	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT?
			3:00	-	EAT

# Ethiopia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
			2:35:20	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT?
			3:00	-	EAT

# Europa Island
# uninhabited

# Gabon
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT

# Gambia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
			-1:00	-	AAT	1964
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Ghana
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
# WATST is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Summer Time''.
# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	WATST
Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	WAT
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
			 0:00	Ghana	%s

# Glorioso Is
# uninhabited

# Guinea
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
			 1:00	-	CAT	1960
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Guinea-Bissau
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
			 1:00	-	CAT	1975
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Juan de Nova
# uninhabited

# Kenya
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
			3:00	-	EAT	1930
			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
			2:45	-	BEAT	1960
			3:00	-	EAT

# Lesotho
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
			2:00	-	SAT

# Liberia
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
#
# From Shanks (1991), as corrected by Whitman:
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
			 0:00	-	WAT

###############################################################################

# Libya

# From Bob Devine (January 28 1988):
# Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?)

# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
# LIBYAN ARAB         1 H  AHEAD OF UTC  JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
# LIBYAN ARAB         2 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA

# From Shanks (1991):
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Libya	1987	1990	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	Libya	1990	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Libya	1996	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Libya	1996	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	-
Rule	Libya	1997	max	-	Mar	lastThu	2:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Libya	1997	max	-	Oct	Thu>=1	2:00s	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
			2:00	-	EET	1982
			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1991
			2:00	-	EET	1996 Mar 30 3:00
			1:00	Libya	CE%sT

# Madagascar
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
			3:00	-	EAT

# Malawi
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT

# Mali
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
			-1:00	-	AAT	1960 Jun 20
			 0:00	-	WAT
# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit
Zone	Africa/Timbuktu	-0:12:04 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Mauritania
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
			-1:00	-	AAT	1960 Jun 20
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Mauritius
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
			4:00	-	MUT	# Mauritius Time
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius

# Mayotte
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
			3:00	-	EAT

# Morocco
# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
			 1:00	-	CET	1986
			 0:00	-	WET
# Western Sahara
Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
			-1:00	-	AAT	1976 Apr 14
			 0:00	-	WET

# Mozambique
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT

# Namibia
# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
			2:00	-	SAT	1942 Sep 20 2:00
			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
			2:00	Namibia	SA%sT

# Niger
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Niamey	0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
			1:00	-	CAT	1934 Feb 26
			0:00	-	WAT	1960
			1:00	-	CAT

# Nigeria
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
			1:00	-	CAT

# Reunion
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time

# Rwanda
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
			2:00	-	SAT

# St Helena
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
			-0:06	-	SHT	1951	# St Helena Time (?)
			 0:00	-	GMT
# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
#	Gough (scientific station since 1955): on GMT, says the CIA
#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT

# Sao Tome and Principe
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Senegal
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
			-1:00	-	AAT	1941 Jun
			 0:00	-	WAT

# Seychelles
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time

# Sierra Leone
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
			-1:00	SL	AA%sT	1957
			 0:00	SL	WA%sT

# Somalia
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
# Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
			3:00	-	EAT	1931
			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
			2:45	-	BEAT	1957	# not in Shanks
			3:00	-	EAT

# South Africa
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
			1:30	-	SAT	1903 Mar
			2:00	SA	SA%sT
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
# weather station since 1947
# no information

# Sudan
# From Michael Ross <mross@antigone.com> (1995-11-15):
# Sudan no longer observes any form of daylight time change.
# I verified this today by telephone with the Sudan Mission to the
# United Nations: 212-573-6033
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
			2:00	Sudan	EE%sT

# Swaziland
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT

# Tanzania
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
			3:00	-	EAT	1948
			2:45	-	BEAT	1961
			3:00	-	EAT

# Togo
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
			0:00	-	WAT

# Tromelin
# uninhabited

# Tunisia
# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT

# Uganda
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
			3:00	-	EAT	1930
			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
			2:45	-	BEAT	1957
			3:00	-	EAT

# Zaire
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
			1:00	-	CAT
Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
			2:00	-	SAT

# Zambia
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT

# Zimbabwe
# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
			2:00	-	SAT