/* memchr (str, chr, len) -- Return pointer to first occurrence of CHR in STR less than LEN. For Intel 80x86, x>=3. Copyright (C) 1994-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU C Library. Contributed by Ulrich Drepper Optimised a little by Alan Modra This version is developed using the same algorithm as the fast C version which carries the following introduction: Based on strlen implementation by Torbjorn Granlund (tege@sics.se), with help from Dan Sahlin (dan@sics.se) and commentary by Jim Blandy (jimb@ai.mit.edu); adaptation to memchr suggested by Dick Karpinski (dick@cca.ucsf.edu), and implemented by Roland McGrath (roland@ai.mit.edu). The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see . */ #include #include "asm-syntax.h" #define PARMS 4+8 /* space for 2 saved regs */ #define RTN PARMS #define STR RTN #define CHR STR+4 #define LEN CHR+4 .text ENTRY (__memchr) /* Save callee-safe registers used in this function. */ pushl %esi cfi_adjust_cfa_offset (4) pushl %edi cfi_adjust_cfa_offset (4) cfi_rel_offset (edi, 0) /* Load parameters into registers. */ movl STR(%esp), %eax /* str: pointer to memory block. */ movl CHR(%esp), %edx /* c: byte we are looking for. */ movl LEN(%esp), %esi /* len: length of memory block. */ cfi_rel_offset (esi, 4) /* If my must not test more than three characters test them one by one. This is especially true for 0. */ cmpl $4, %esi jb L(3) /* At the moment %edx contains CHR. What we need for the algorithm is CHR in all bytes of the dword. Avoid operations on 16 bit words because these require an prefix byte (and one more cycle). */ movb %dl, %dh /* Now it is 0|0|c|c */ movl %edx, %ecx shll $16, %edx /* Now c|c|0|0 */ movw %cx, %dx /* And finally c|c|c|c */ /* Better performance can be achieved if the word (32 bit) memory access is aligned on a four-byte-boundary. So process first bytes one by one until boundary is reached. Don't use a loop for better performance. */ testb $3, %al /* correctly aligned ? */ je L(2) /* yes => begin loop */ cmpb %dl, (%eax) /* compare byte */ je L(9) /* target found => return */ incl %eax /* increment source pointer */ decl %esi /* decrement length counter */ je L(4) /* len==0 => return NULL */ testb $3, %al /* correctly aligned ? */ je L(2) /* yes => begin loop */ cmpb %dl, (%eax) /* compare byte */ je L(9) /* target found => return */ incl %eax /* increment source pointer */ decl %esi /* decrement length counter */ je L(4) /* len==0 => return NULL */ testb $3, %al /* correctly aligned ? */ je L(2) /* yes => begin loop */ cmpb %dl, (%eax) /* compare byte */ je L(9) /* target found => return */ incl %eax /* increment source pointer */ decl %esi /* decrement length counter */ /* no test for len==0 here, because this is done in the loop head */ jmp L(2) /* We exit the loop if adding MAGIC_BITS to LONGWORD fails to change any of the hole bits of LONGWORD. 1) Is this safe? Will it catch all the zero bytes? Suppose there is a byte with all zeros. Any carry bits propagating from its left will fall into the hole at its least significant bit and stop. Since there will be no carry from its most significant bit, the LSB of the byte to the left will be unchanged, and the zero will be detected. 2) Is this worthwhile? Will it ignore everything except zero bytes? Suppose every byte of LONGWORD has a bit set somewhere. There will be a carry into bit 8. If bit 8 is set, this will carry into bit 16. If bit 8 is clear, one of bits 9-15 must be set, so there will be a carry into bit 16. Similarly, there will be a carry into bit 24. If one of bits 24-31 is set, there will be a carry into bit 32 (=carry flag), so all of the hole bits will be changed. 3) But wait! Aren't we looking for CHR, not zero? Good point. So what we do is XOR LONGWORD with a longword, each of whose bytes is CHR. This turns each byte that is CHR into a zero. */ /* Each round the main loop processes 16 bytes. */ ALIGN (4) L(1): movl (%eax), %ecx /* get word (= 4 bytes) in question */ movl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* magic value */ xorl %edx, %ecx /* XOR with word c|c|c|c => bytes of str == c are now 0 */ addl %ecx, %edi /* add the magic value to the word. We get carry bits reported for each byte which is *not* 0 */ /* According to the algorithm we had to reverse the effect of the XOR first and then test the overflow bits. But because the following XOR would destroy the carry flag and it would (in a representation with more than 32 bits) not alter then last overflow, we can now test this condition. If no carry is signaled no overflow must have occurred in the last byte => it was 0. */ jnc L(8) /* We are only interested in carry bits that change due to the previous add, so remove original bits */ xorl %ecx, %edi /* ((word^charmask)+magic)^(word^charmask) */ /* Now test for the other three overflow bits. */ orl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* set all non-carry bits */ incl %edi /* add 1: if one carry bit was *not* set the addition will not result in 0. */ /* If at least one byte of the word is CHR we don't get 0 in %edi. */ jnz L(8) /* found it => return pointer */ /* This process is unfolded four times for better performance. we don't increment the source pointer each time. Instead we use offsets and increment by 16 in each run of the loop. But before probing for the matching byte we need some extra code (following LL(13) below). Even the len can be compared with constants instead of decrementing each time. */ movl 4(%eax), %ecx /* get word (= 4 bytes) in question */ movl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* magic value */ xorl %edx, %ecx /* XOR with word c|c|c|c => bytes of str == c are now 0 */ addl %ecx, %edi /* add the magic value to the word. We get carry bits reported for each byte which is *not* 0 */ jnc L(7) /* highest byte is CHR => return pointer */ xorl %ecx, %edi /* ((word^charmask)+magic)^(word^charmask) */ orl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* set all non-carry bits */ incl %edi /* add 1: if one carry bit was *not* set the addition will not result in 0. */ jnz L(7) /* found it => return pointer */ movl 8(%eax), %ecx /* get word (= 4 bytes) in question */ movl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* magic value */ xorl %edx, %ecx /* XOR with word c|c|c|c => bytes of str == c are now 0 */ addl %ecx, %edi /* add the magic value to the word. We get carry bits reported for each byte which is *not* 0 */ jnc L(6) /* highest byte is CHR => return pointer */ xorl %ecx, %edi /* ((word^charmask)+magic)^(word^charmask) */ orl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* set all non-carry bits */ incl %edi /* add 1: if one carry bit was *not* set the addition will not result in 0. */ jnz L(6) /* found it => return pointer */ movl 12(%eax), %ecx /* get word (= 4 bytes) in question */ movl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* magic value */ xorl %edx, %ecx /* XOR with word c|c|c|c => bytes of str == c are now 0 */ addl %ecx, %edi /* add the magic value to the word. We get carry bits reported for each byte which is *not* 0 */ jnc L(5) /* highest byte is CHR => return pointer */ xorl %ecx, %edi /* ((word^charmask)+magic)^(word^charmask) */ orl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* set all non-carry bits */ incl %edi /* add 1: if one carry bit was *not* set the addition will not result in 0. */ jnz L(5) /* found it => return pointer */ /* Adjust both counters for a full round, i.e. 16 bytes. */ addl $16, %eax L(2): subl $16, %esi jae L(1) /* Still more than 16 bytes remaining */ /* Process remaining bytes separately. */ cmpl $4-16, %esi /* rest < 4 bytes? */ jb L(3) /* yes, than test byte by byte */ movl (%eax), %ecx /* get word (= 4 bytes) in question */ movl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* magic value */ xorl %edx, %ecx /* XOR with word c|c|c|c => bytes of str == c are now 0 */ addl %ecx, %edi /* add the magic value to the word. We get carry bits reported for each byte which is *not* 0 */ jnc L(8) /* highest byte is CHR => return pointer */ xorl %ecx, %edi /* ((word^charmask)+magic)^(word^charmask) */ orl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* set all non-carry bits */ incl %edi /* add 1: if one carry bit was *not* set the addition will not result in 0. */ jne L(8) /* found it => return pointer */ addl $4, %eax /* adjust source pointer */ cmpl $8-16, %esi /* rest < 8 bytes? */ jb L(3) /* yes, than test byte by byte */ movl (%eax), %ecx /* get word (= 4 bytes) in question */ movl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* magic value */ xorl %edx, %ecx /* XOR with word c|c|c|c => bytes of str == c are now 0 */ addl %ecx, %edi /* add the magic value to the word. We get carry bits reported for each byte which is *not* 0 */ jnc L(8) /* highest byte is CHR => return pointer */ xorl %ecx, %edi /* ((word^charmask)+magic)^(word^charmask) */ orl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* set all non-carry bits */ incl %edi /* add 1: if one carry bit was *not* set the addition will not result in 0. */ jne L(8) /* found it => return pointer */ addl $4, %eax /* adjust source pointer */ cmpl $12-16, %esi /* rest < 12 bytes? */ jb L(3) /* yes, than test byte by byte */ movl (%eax), %ecx /* get word (= 4 bytes) in question */ movl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* magic value */ xorl %edx, %ecx /* XOR with word c|c|c|c => bytes of str == c are now 0 */ addl %ecx, %edi /* add the magic value to the word. We get carry bits reported for each byte which is *not* 0 */ jnc L(8) /* highest byte is CHR => return pointer */ xorl %ecx, %edi /* ((word^charmask)+magic)^(word^charmask) */ orl $0xfefefeff, %edi /* set all non-carry bits */ incl %edi /* add 1: if one carry bit was *not* set the addition will not result in 0. */ jne L(8) /* found it => return pointer */ addl $4, %eax /* adjust source pointer */ /* Check the remaining bytes one by one. */ L(3): andl $3, %esi /* mask out uninteresting bytes */ jz L(4) /* no remaining bytes => return NULL */ cmpb %dl, (%eax) /* compare byte with CHR */ je L(9) /* equal, than return pointer */ incl %eax /* increment source pointer */ decl %esi /* decrement length */ jz L(4) /* no remaining bytes => return NULL */ cmpb %dl, (%eax) /* compare byte with CHR */ je L(9) /* equal, than return pointer */ incl %eax /* increment source pointer */ decl %esi /* decrement length */ jz L(4) /* no remaining bytes => return NULL */ cmpb %dl, (%eax) /* compare byte with CHR */ je L(9) /* equal, than return pointer */ L(4): /* no byte found => return NULL */ xorl %eax, %eax jmp L(9) /* add missing source pointer increments */ L(5): addl $4, %eax L(6): addl $4, %eax L(7): addl $4, %eax /* Test for the matching byte in the word. %ecx contains a NUL char in the byte which originally was the byte we are looking at. */ L(8): testb %cl, %cl /* test first byte in dword */ jz L(9) /* if zero => return pointer */ incl %eax /* increment source pointer */ testb %ch, %ch /* test second byte in dword */ jz L(9) /* if zero => return pointer */ incl %eax /* increment source pointer */ testl $0xff0000, %ecx /* test third byte in dword */ jz L(9) /* if zero => return pointer */ incl %eax /* increment source pointer */ /* No further test needed we we know it is one of the four bytes. */ L(9): popl %edi /* pop saved registers */ cfi_adjust_cfa_offset (-4) cfi_restore (edi) popl %esi cfi_adjust_cfa_offset (-4) cfi_restore (esi) ret END (__memchr) weak_alias (__memchr, memchr) libc_hidden_builtin_def (memchr)